论精神损害赔偿请求权的法律构建

发布时间：2018-06-05 06:21

  本文选题：精神损害 + 请求权　； 参考：《上海大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：对精神损害赔偿制度的有关规定是民事赔偿的现代系统的重要组成部分。随着人们法制观念的升高与加强,精神损害赔偿制度也逐步的发展与完善。但是,目前我国在精神损害赔偿制度在运用过程中依然出现很多问题,尤其是在理论和实务操作,在对于人们精神利益的保护上还是存在许多问题。在精神损害赔偿的请求权主体的界定方面,理论上众说纷纭,实践中也存在不同的认识和操作。例如,请求权主体也存在着界定不明确,适用范围不恰当等问题。故本文对于精神损害赔偿请求权的相关问题进行讨论。对精神损害赔偿的相关问题,有很多的争议,在理论界和实践界。例如,对于间接第三人的精神损害赔偿请求权的界定,对于法人的精神损害赔偿请求权的界定都存在很大的争论。而正是这些争议也就决定了精神损害赔偿请求权主体的认定范畴存在差异,从而进一步对于精神损害赔偿的司法实践中救济产生也会不同的状况。所以,精神损害赔偿请求权界定的问题就显得尤为关键。本文主要分为五个部分。分别是:第一部分绪论,第二部分精神损害赔偿的范围及现状,第三部分精神损害赔偿请求权的界定和探讨,第四部分对于精神损害赔偿请求权的立法建设以及第五部分结语。首先,文章首先对于精神损害赔偿的范围及我国的司法实践现状进行论述和探讨。从基本概念出发,对本文所涉及到的基础词语,如“损害”、“精神损害”等进行界定。通过分析后对于精神损害赔偿的使用条件进行进一步的分类和讨论,同时结合我国现有的司法实践中的问题进行讨论,并对于主体的受侵害程度分析,进而引出下面对于请求权主体的相关探讨。其次,本文详细介绍了精神损害赔偿的请求权主体。先从请求权概念入手,详细探讨了请求权的内涵及成立要件。在了解了请求权的基础上,本文进一步对于请求权主体的范围及存在争议的特殊请求权主体进行分析。精神损害赔偿的请求权主体被分为了四个部分,分别从直接受害人,间接受害人,胎儿和法人进行探讨,对于胎儿的主体资格本文是不予认可的,另外三类,本文认为都应纳入到主体的适用范围中去。另外,还分别探讨了对于违约的精神损害赔偿和物上侵害的精神损害赔偿,对于其特殊性都进行了详细的论述。此外,根据实践中的一些特殊问题,本文还根据不同情况进行了详细的描述,重点对个人权利的保护和司法实践操作的可行性进行说明。另外,针对精神损害赔偿在实践中存在的一些特殊问题,本文也根据不同情况进行了分类阐述,着眼于对权利人的保护以及对于司法实践操作的可行性来界定。现代社会迅猛发展,而精神利益的保护也变得日益复杂,越来越多的新问题层出不穷,现有的法律已经不能囊括所有问题,所以这样的现状就需要我们不断研究探讨,进而才能建立一个比较完善的制度体系,使人们的精神利益得到更全面的保护。
[Abstract]:The relevant provisions on the compensation system for mental damage are an important part of the modern system of civil compensation. With the increasing and strengthening of people's legal concept, the system of compensation for mental damage is gradually developed and perfected. However, there are still many problems in the application process of the compensation system for mental damage, especially in theory and in our country. In practice, there are still many problems in the protection of people's spiritual interests. In theory, there are different opinions on the definition of the subject of the claim for the compensation for mental damage, and there are different understanding and operation in practice. For example, the subject of the right of claim is not defined clearly and the scope of application is inappropriate. Therefore, this article is the spirit of the spirit. There are many disputes about the related issues of compensation for damages in the theory and practice. For example, the definition of the claim for compensation for the compensation for the mental damage of the indirect third persons and the boundary of the legal person's claim for compensation for mental damage are very controversial. It is determined that there are differences in the category of the subject of the claim for the compensation for mental damage, and the relief of the judicial practice of the compensation for mental damage will be different. Therefore, the problem of the definition of the claim for spiritual damages is particularly critical. This article is divided into five parts. The two part of the scope of compensation for mental damage and the status quo, the third part of the spiritual damage compensation for the definition and discussion, the fourth part of the legislative construction of the right to compensation for mental damage and the fifth part of the conclusion. First of all, the article first of the scope of mental damage and the current situation of our country's judicial practice to discuss and discuss. This concept begins with the definition of the basic words involved in this article, such as "damage" and "mental damage". After the analysis, the conditions for the use of mental damage compensation are further classified and discussed, and the problems in the existing judicial practice in China are discussed, and the degree of infringement of the main body is analyzed. This paper introduces the subject of the right of claim for the right of the claim. Secondly, this article introduces the subject of the claim of the compensation for mental damage in detail. First, starting with the concept of the claim right, it discusses the connotation and the establishment of the claim right in detail. On the basis of understanding the right of request, this article further discusses the scope of the subject of the claim and the special dispute. The main body of the claim right is analyzed. The main body of the claim for the compensation for mental damage is divided into four parts, which are divided into the direct victims, the indirect victims, the fetus and the legal person, and the article is not approved for the subject qualification of the fetus. The other three categories should be included in the scope of the application of the main body. This paper discusses the spiritual damage compensation for breach of contract and the compensation for mental damage of physical damage, and the particularity is discussed in detail. In addition, according to some special problems in practice, this paper also describes in detail according to the different circumstances, and focuses on the protection of personal rights and the feasibility of judicial practice. In addition, in view of the special problems that exist in the practice of compensation for mental damage, this article is also classified according to different circumstances, focusing on the protection of the rights holders and the feasibility of judicial practice. The rapid development of modern society, while the protection of the spiritual interests is becoming increasingly complex, and more and more new problem layers. Not poor, the existing laws can not cover all the problems, so this situation requires us to continue to study and explore, and then to establish a more perfect system system, so that people's spiritual interests will be more comprehensive protection.
【学位授予单位】：上海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923
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本文编号：1980959