雇员在工作中致雇主损害的责任减轻规则——基于案例分析的比较研究

发布时间：2018-06-24 00:13

本文选题：雇员责任 + 从属性　；参考：《清华法学》2015年06期

【摘要】：我国司法界主流虽对限制雇员因工作造成雇主损害的赔偿责任达成共识,但苦于无明文规定,仍处于各自为战的混乱阶段,极不利于法的安定性。《人身损害赔偿解释》第9条第1款蕴藏着根据过错程度限制雇员责任的价值取向,为民法和劳动法之间架起了一座共同发展"雇员责任减轻规则"的桥梁,因为限制雇主向致第三人损害的雇员行使追偿权与限制雇主向致其直接损害的雇员主张损害赔偿请求权立足于相同的法理思想。我国法院可借助"法的续造"通过类推适用该款并结合《侵权责任法》第34条第1款,专门针对具有从属性的雇员,发展按过错程度划分的三层级责任模式,即在故意情形下,雇员须承担全部责任;具有重大过失的雇员通常承担全部责任,但基于社会保护思想可被例外地限制责任;在一般过失情况下,雇员应被限制或免除责任。该貌似简单规则的适用是一套系统工程,从适用前提、认定过错程度,再到确定责任范围时须斟酌的情形,环环相扣地贯彻着平衡劳资利益的责任分配宗旨。
[Abstract]:Although the mainstream of judicial circles in our country has reached a consensus on limiting the liability of employees for damages caused by their work, they are still at the chaotic stage of their own fighting because of the lack of explicit provisions. Article 9, paragraph 1, contains the value orientation of limiting the liability of employees according to the degree of fault. Building a bridge between civil law and labour law for the common development of the employee liability Mitigation rules, It is because the restriction of the employer to exercise the right of recourse to the employee who caused the third party damage and the restriction of the employer to claim the right of claim for damages to the employee who caused the direct damage to the third party are based on the same legal theory. The courts of our country can apply this paragraph by analogy with the aid of "continuation of the law" and combine with Article 34, paragraph 1, of the Tort liability Law to develop a three-level liability model according to the degree of fault, that is, under intentional circumstances, especially for employees with subordinate attributes. Employees bear full responsibility; employees with gross negligence usually bear full liability, but liability may be restricted exceptionally on the basis of social protection ideas; in the case of general negligence, employees should be restricted or exempted from liability. The application of the seemingly simple rules is a set of systematic engineering, from the applicable premise, the degree of fault, and then to the circumstances that must be considered when determining the scope of responsibility, the purpose of balancing the interests of labor and capital is closely carried out.
【作者单位】：上海交通大学凯原法学院;
【基金】：上海市浦江人才计划项目(14PJC075) 上海交通大学新进青年教师启动计划项目(AF1900008)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D923

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