中国死亡赔偿金制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-24 02:49

本文选题：死亡赔偿金 + 性质　；参考：《内蒙古大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：死亡赔偿金制度在中国现有的法律体系中涉及到的法律司法解释很多,因为其是一种重要的用私法来保护自然人生命权形式,比较独特在现行的中国法律体系之中,其也随着民法通则到侵权责任法等法律的不断修改、完善,在司法实践中被运用得比较多,对受害人生命权的保护与救济起到了很大的作用。目前,中国很多法律、司法解释、行政法规的规定中都涉及了死亡赔偿作的内容,这些法律形式规定了死亡赔偿金的性质、计算标准、请求权主体等内容,但是实践证明,目前中国的死亡赔偿金制度法律规范还存在不完善之处和问题,尤其是对死亡赔偿金的性质、计算标准、请求权主体等根本性问题的规定都存在较大的分歧和争议。为了解决探析中国死亡赔偿所涉及的问题,从而为我国死亡赔偿制度提供可资借鉴的参考,对中国死亡赔偿金制度进行了全面的研究:论文首先界定了死亡赔偿金制度的概念,阐述了死亡赔偿金制度的作用,简要介绍了死亡赔偿金制度的发展历史,对死亡赔偿金的相关基础性概念进行界定,然后对死亡赔偿金制度的变化轨迹进行厘清。根据目前中国学界实务界关于死亡赔偿金性质的分歧和争议,也就是死亡赔偿金到底是一种物质损害赔偿还是一种精神损害赔偿,还是两种赔偿都存在这种分歧,论证得出死亡赔偿金的性质,尤其是其法律性质收到立法选择的影响非常的大,那么在中国目前的法律体系下,经济损害赔偿说不适合死亡赔偿金的性质界定,物质损害赔偿说,也就是对死者预期收入损失的赔偿这种观点更加深刻的揭示了中国死亡赔偿金的性质。通过分析中国目前法律对死亡赔偿金计算标准的规定,发现死亡赔偿金的计算深受中国地域、自然人年龄、自然人户籍的影响,揭示了中国死亡赔偿金制度需要在计算标准原则和同类型化上下功夫,进行不断的完善。中国法律、法律解释、司法解释对死亡赔偿金请求权人的范围进行了模糊规定,司法实践中对死亡赔偿金请求权人范围的判决差别较大,有损法律的统一性,因此,笔者结合司法实践经验,提出四个原则来处理目前死亡赔偿金请求权人规定模糊的问题。
[Abstract]:The system of compensation for death involves a lot of legal interpretations in China's existing legal system, because it is an important form of protecting the right to life of natural persons with private law, which is quite unique in the current Chinese legal system. With the constant revision of the general principles of civil law to tort liability law and other laws, it has been used more in judicial practice, and has played a great role in the protection and relief of the victim's right to life. At present, many Chinese laws, judicial interpretations, and administrative regulations all involve the contents of compensation for death. These forms of law stipulate the nature of the compensation for death, the standard of calculation, the subject of the right of claim, and so on, but it has been proved by practice. At present, there are still some imperfections and problems in the legal norms of death compensation system in China, especially on the nature of death compensation, the standard of calculation, the subject of claim and so on. In order to solve the problems involved in the analysis of death compensation in China and to provide reference for the death compensation system in China, this paper makes a comprehensive study on the death compensation system in China: firstly, the paper defines the concept of death compensation system. This paper expounds the function of the death compensation system, briefly introduces the development history of the death compensation system, defines the related basic concepts of the death compensation, and then clarifies the changing track of the death compensation system. According to the current differences and disputes among the Chinese academic circles on the nature of the compensation for death, that is, whether the compensation for death is a kind of material damage compensation or a kind of moral damage compensation, or whether there are such differences between the two kinds of compensation. It is demonstrated that the nature of death compensation, especially its legal nature, is greatly influenced by the choice of legislation. Well, under the current legal system of China, the theory of economic damages is not suitable for defining the nature of death compensation. The theory of material damages, that is, compensation for the loss of the deceased's expected income, reveals more deeply the nature of the death compensation in China. By analyzing the provisions of the current law of China on the standard for calculating compensation for death, it is found that the calculation of compensation for death is deeply influenced by China's geographical area, the age of natural persons, and the domicile of natural persons. It is revealed that the death compensation system in China needs to be improved continuously on the basis of calculation standard principle and classification. Chinese law, legal interpretation and judicial interpretation have made vague provisions on the scope of the claimant for death compensation. In judicial practice, the judgment on the scope of the claimant for death compensation is quite different, which is detrimental to the unity of the law. Combining with the judicial practice, the author puts forward four principles to deal with the vague stipulation of the death indemnity claimant at present.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923

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