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沉默构成承诺的类型研究

发布时间:2018-06-29 07:30

  本文选题:沉默 + 承诺 ; 参考:《江西师范大学》2015年硕士论文


【摘要】:在交易迅捷化、频繁化的今天,契约法律关系在当事人间愈显重要,以默示作为意思表示的情形变得更加普遍。沿袭罗马法系的民法传统,意思的作出有两种可能的方式,明示方式与默示方式。明示方式相对于默示方式更易于被当事人了解和接受,因为我们可以通过熟悉的语言或文字符号来辨识。相反,没有语言或文字这一直接的意思表达符号,默示的意思表示的认定就变得比较困难,了解当事人的意图往往只能从行为的角度进行判断。默示存在作为和不作为之分,作为的默示是从当事人积极的行为中推断出其意思表示的内容;不作为(即沉默)的默示是指在既没有语言或文字符号也没有积极地表示行为的情况下,依据一定的规则确定当事人的意思表示的内容。沉默作为意思表示的特殊形式在民商事活动中具有特殊的法律意义。本文着重探讨沉默在契约法上是否能构成承诺及其类型问题。以现行制度规定来看,沉默只有在当事人约定和法律规定情形下才可视为承诺,在分析约定性承诺和规范性承诺这两种情形之后,笔者将之统归为规定构成的承诺类型。除此以外,笔者认为沉默构成的承诺类型不仅仅局限于此,规定构成的承诺类型并不能涵盖沉默构成的承诺的全部内容。本文试图从以下角度分析沉默与承诺间的关系,进一步探讨和揭示沉默构成的承诺的两种可能的类型:一、推定构成的承诺。沉默从推定路径出发以基础性事实为前提构成推定的承诺类型,笔者提出特定当事人基于交易习惯之推定和基于利益之推定两种情况;二、解释构成的承诺。沉默从解释路径出发构成解释的承诺类型,笔者在民法解释理论的指引下分析实务案例发现可能存在的三种情况:主观上明知而未作出任何表示;事先交往关系引起的承诺的信赖;缔约过程未履行及时告知义务等。
[Abstract]:With the rapid and frequent transactions, the contractual legal relationship becomes more and more important among the parties, and the implied expression of intention becomes more and more common. Following the tradition of civil law in Roman law system, there are two possible ways of making meaning, express way and implied way. The express way is easier to be understood and accepted by the parties than the implied way because we can recognize it by the familiar language or character symbol. On the contrary, without the direct meaning symbol of language or writing, it becomes more difficult to identify the implied meaning, and to understand the intention of the parties can only be judged from the point of view of behavior. The implied existence of act and omission of the distinction, the implied act is from the positive behavior of the party to infer the content of its expression of intention; The implication of omission (i.e. silence) is to determine the content of the expression of the will of the parties according to certain rules when there is neither a language or a written symbol nor an active expression of the act. Silence as a special form of expression of will has special legal significance in civil and commercial activities. This paper focuses on the question of whether silence constitutes commitment and its types in contractual law. According to the current system, silence can only be regarded as a commitment under the conditions of the parties' agreement and the legal provisions. After analyzing the two situations, the author classifies it as the type of commitment constituted by the stipulation. In addition, the author thinks that the type of commitment constituted by silence is not limited to this, and the type of commitment constituted by stipulation can not cover all the contents of the commitment constituted by silence. This paper attempts to analyze the relationship between silence and commitment from the following angles to further explore and reveal the two possible types of commitment formed by silence: first, the constructive form of commitment. Based on the presumption path, the author puts forward the presumption of certain parties based on the transaction habit and the presumption of interest. Secondly, the author explains the commitment constituted by interpretation. Silence from the interpretation path constitutes the type of commitment of interpretation. Under the guidance of the interpretation theory of civil law, the author analyzes three possible situations in practical cases: subjective knowledge without any indication; Trust in commitment arising from prior communication; failure to fulfill the obligation of prompt notification in the contracting process.
【学位授予单位】:江西师范大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2015
【分类号】:D923.6

【参考文献】

相关期刊论文 前1条

1 裴苍龄;;再论推定[J];法学研究;2006年03期



本文编号:2081370

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