我国服务合同立法中的一般规定

发布时间：2018-07-02 21:08

本文选题：服务 + 服务合同　；参考：《长春工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：服务在当今经济社会中的作用越来越重要,以服务为交换对象的合同也日趋普遍,对服务法律关系的调整已经成为现代社会中重要的法律问题。在大陆法系传统民法典中,服务合同是学理上基于现行立法所归纳的合同基本类型之一,但服务合同本身并未成为法律上规定的有名合同。由于合同法总则的一般规则主要是以“买卖合同”为基础类型而构建,难以实现对服务合同的全面规范,立法者通常采取如下解决方案:一方面在合同法分则中尽可能将服务合同进行有名化罗列其中,以实现有针对性地调整;另一方面为降低立法者立法之时可预见类型的局限性造成的负面影响,赋予某一种具体类型的服务合同承担适用一般法的补充地位,如在《瑞士债法典》和我国台湾地区民法典中,明确规定在无名服务类合同中参照适用有关委任的条款。然而,此种立法模式不仅在理论上不断受到质疑,而且在具体法律实施中经常出现被回避适用而逃避法律的现象。进入二十一世纪后,在众多知名学者参与且具有代表性的立法研究成果中,服务合同在立法技术上更为全面地懫用了总则一分则之模式,并专门创设了有关服务合同的一般规定,如《欧洲私法的原则、定义和示范规则:共同参考架构草案》中规定的“适用于服务合同的普遍规则”、日本《债权法改正的基本方针》形成的有关“役务提供契约”。相较而言,不仅我国现行合同立法中未制定有关服务合同的一般规定,而且在我国众多知名学者参与起草的三部民法典草案中,也未提出有关服务合同一般规定的立法建议。鉴于服务具有无形性等主要特征,根据有名合同的立法界定通例和服务合同的相关学理,以及在司法实践中面临适用上的困境,有必要反思服务合同传统立法模式、规则规定在今后发展过程中如何寻求新的改变。本文将对我国的服务合同一般规定及其立法模式进行探讨,试图重构我国服务合同的立法体系,将服务合同在《合同法》分则中作为一种有名合同予以单独成章,并制定其一般规定,承担所有服务类合同的上位法地位,为服务合同双方当事人提供具体的法律指引。趁《中华人民共和国民法典》颁布之契机,对服务合同一般规定的立法进行更加规范严苛的理论研究,以期将来为我国民法典中有关服务合同的立法提供有益之借鉴。
[Abstract]:Service plays a more and more important role in today's economic society. The contract of service as the object of exchange is becoming more and more common. The adjustment of the legal relationship of service has become an important legal problem in the modern society. In the traditional civil code of the continental law system, the service contract is one of the basic types of contracts based on the current legislation, but it is one of the basic types of contracts, but the service contract is one of the basic types of contracts, but it is one of the basic types of contracts, which are based on the current legislation. The service contract itself does not become a well-known contract stipulated by law. Since the general rules of the general provisions of the contract law are mainly built on the basis of the "sale contract", it is difficult to achieve a comprehensive standard for the service contract. The legislator usually adopts the following solution: on the one hand, the service contract is carried out as far as possible in the contract law. On the other hand, in order to reduce the negative effects of the limitation of the predictability type of the legislator's legislation, the other is to give a specific type of service contract to assume the supplementary status of the general law, such as in the Swiss debt code and the civil code of the Taiwan region of our country, it is clearly defined in the innominate The service contract refers to the application of the terms of appointment. However, this legislative model has not only been questioned in theory but also often evaded the law in the implementation of specific laws. After the twenty-first Century, it served in the representative legislative research results of many well-known scholars. In the legislative technology, the contract uses the general principle of a sub rule and creates the general provisions relating to service contracts, such as the principles, definitions and demonstration rules of the European Private Law: the general rules for the service contract, as stipulated in the draft of the common reference framework, and the formation of the basic principles of the correction of the creditor's rights law in Japan. In comparison, not only does the current contract legislation in our country have not formulated the general provisions relating to service contracts, but also in the three draft civil code drafted by many well-known scholars in China, the general provisions concerning the service contract have not been proposed. It is necessary to reflect on the traditional legislative model of service contract and how to seek new changes in the course of future development. This paper will explore the general provisions and legislative modes of service contracts in China. To discuss, try to reconstruct the legislative system of service contract in our country, make the service contract as a famous contract in the sub contract of the contract law, and formulate its general regulations, bear the position of the upper law of all service contracts, provide specific legal guidance to the parties to the service contract. In order to provide a useful reference for the legislation of the service contract in the national code of our national law, the general legislation of the service contract is more standardized and rigorous.
【学位授予单位】：长春工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.6

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