我国环境侵权惩罚性赔偿制度研究

发布时间：2018-07-04 22:32

本文选题：环境侵权 + 惩罚性赔偿制度　；参考：《山东政法学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年以来,我国环境污染与生态破坏问题日益严重,重大恶性的环境污染与生态破坏事件频发,与之相应的涉及环境污染问题的侵权诉讼纠纷数量也逐步增长。我国传统侵赔偿法律制度适用同质赔偿原则、填平原则,但是环境侵权具有间接性、潜在性、损害后果严重性以及主体地位不平等性等特征,因此继续适用同质赔偿原则在实质上难以达到填平的效果,难以实现实质的公平,传统侵权制度的赔偿范围和力度既不能完全填补环境侵权所造成的损害,也难以有效遏制与预防后续环境侵权的发生。而惩罚性赔偿制度基于自身特点,不再局限于同质赔偿原则,惩罚性的显著功能能够有效的填补环境侵权所造成的损害,达到对环境侵权人的惩罚,从而能够对后续环境侵权产生遏制与预防的作用。环境侵权适用惩罚性赔偿制度,能够有效的弥补现行侵权赔偿法律制度的不足,有助于实现社会实质正义,并能够相对有效的实现保护环境和生态的目标。本文共分为四部分:第一部分介绍环境侵权和惩罚性赔偿制度。首先,介绍了环境侵权的概念,释明了环境侵权的基本内涵;其次,介绍了环境侵权自身的特殊性以及现行环境法律制度的局限性,表明现行环境法律制度难以适应环境侵权的特殊性;最后介绍了惩罚性赔偿制度的基本内涵以及惩罚性赔偿制度的主要功能,表明引入惩罚性赔偿制度能够有效适应环境侵权的特殊性要求。第二部分介绍环境侵权适用惩罚性赔偿制度的必要性。首先,环境侵权自身特殊性是引入惩罚性赔偿制度的必要前提;其次,环境侵权适用惩罚性赔偿制度是实质正义的要求;最后,环境侵权适用惩罚性赔偿制度能够有效的威慑和遏制并且利于降低社会成本。该部分表明环境侵权适用惩罚性赔偿制度具备相当的必要性。第三部分介绍环境侵权适用惩罚性赔偿制度的可行性。首先,我国在其他特殊领域实行过惩罚性赔偿制度以及其他国家和地区在环境侵权诉讼中实行惩罚性赔偿制度证明了制度的可行性;其次,在理论界对于环境侵权惩罚性赔偿制度呼吁以及理论成果为该制度提供了可行的理论支撑。因此环境侵权适用惩罚性赔偿制度具备一定的可行性。第四部分介绍环境侵权惩罚性赔偿制度的构建。主要涉及环境侵权惩罚性赔偿的构成要件、赔偿金额计算模式、惩罚性赔金额考量的因素、有关于环境公益诉讼主体资格以及证明标准和赔偿数额所应当包含的特殊范围,综合这几个方面的考量,尝试在环境侵权中构建惩罚性赔偿制度。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the problem of environmental pollution and ecological destruction has become more and more serious in our country, and serious and malignant environmental pollution and ecological destruction events occur frequently. Accordingly, the number of tort litigation disputes related to environmental pollution is also gradually increasing. The traditional legal system of aggression and compensation in our country applies the principle of homogeneous compensation and compensation, but environmental tort has the characteristics of indirectness, potentiality, severity of damage consequences and inequality of subject status, etc. Therefore, it is difficult to apply the principle of homogeneous compensation in essence to achieve the effect of filling up and realize the substantial fairness. The scope and strength of the traditional tort system can neither completely fill in the damage caused by environmental tort. It is also difficult to effectively curb and prevent the occurrence of subsequent environmental infringement. The punitive damages system, based on its own characteristics, is no longer limited to the principle of homogeneous damages. The significant function of punitive damages can effectively fill the damage caused by environmental infringement and achieve the punishment of environmental infringers. Thus, it can contain and prevent the subsequent environmental tort. The application of punitive damages system in environmental tort can effectively make up for the deficiency of the current tort compensation legal system, help to realize the social substantive justice, and relatively effectively realize the goal of protecting the environment and ecology. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the system of environmental tort and punitive damages. Firstly, the concept of environmental tort is introduced, and the basic connotation of environmental tort is explained. Secondly, the particularity of environmental tort and the limitation of current environmental legal system are introduced. It shows that the current environmental legal system is difficult to adapt to the particularity of environmental tort, and finally introduces the basic connotation of punitive damages system and the main functions of punitive damages system. It shows that the introduction of punitive damages system can effectively adapt to the special requirements of environmental tort. The second part introduces the necessity of applying punitive damages system in environmental tort. First, the particularity of environmental tort itself is the necessary premise of introducing punitive damages system; secondly, the application of punitive damages system in environmental tort is the requirement of substantive justice; finally, The application of punitive damages to environmental tort can effectively deter and curb and help to reduce social costs. This part shows that the application of punitive damages system is quite necessary. The third part introduces the feasibility of applying punitive damages system to environmental tort. First, China has implemented the punitive damages system in other special areas and other countries and regions in environmental tort litigation punitive damages system proved the feasibility of the system; In the theoretical circle, the appeal for punitive damages system of environmental tort and the theoretical results provide a feasible theoretical support for the system. Therefore, the application of punitive damages system of environmental tort has certain feasibility. The fourth part introduces the construction of punitive damages system of environmental tort. It mainly involves the elements of punitive damages for environmental tort, the calculation mode of compensation amount, the factors of considering the amount of punitive damages, the qualification of the subject of environmental public interest litigation, the standard of proof and the special scope that should be included in the amount of compensation. Synthesizing these aspects, we try to construct punitive damages system in environmental tort.
【学位授予单位】：山东政法学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

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