好意同乘侵权损害赔偿责任研究

发布时间：2018-09-03 17:25

【摘要】：好意同乘,是免费顺路载人的学理称呼。随着进入汽车时代,生活中基于互利互助宗旨的好意同乘现象也越来越普遍。它虽然给我们带来了出行便利,但是因为高居不下的交通事故,导致顺路好心载人引发的人身损害赔偿纠纷也频繁出现。由于好意同乘侵权的特殊性,现行法律之中并没有相应的法律规范,法律规范的缺失导致法院之间司法指导意见互相冲突,实务中也出现同案不同判现象。因此如何妥善解决好意同乘损害赔偿问题是法律界和全社会面临的共同难题。本文分三部分展开,文章第一部分是提出问题。首先是确定本文研究对象的内涵。笔者通过梳理有关好意同乘内涵界定的各种理论学说,通过考察法院对好意同乘构成要素的认定情况,来界定研究对象的内涵,并对主体中的好意人与同乘者范围进行确定。其次对其行为特征以及它与类似行为的区别进行论述,并通过学说辨析来探讨好意同乘行为的性质,明确该行为本身属于情谊行为,并在此基础上论证了好意同乘致害时由情谊行为转变为侵权行为的理论依据。最后从违反注意义务的角度论述确立侵权损害赔偿请求权的合理性,考察我国好意同乘侵权损害赔偿的现行法律规范及其存在的主要问题。第二部分是对好意同乘侵权损害赔偿的归责原则进行分析。首先是考察学界关于归责原则的各种观点并对其进行分析总结。其次是采用实证分析法考察司法实践中确立归责原则的具体做法,并探讨背后的理由。再次是考察域外法律中关于好意同乘侵权损害赔偿归责原则的规定及其背后的法理基础,在此基础上汲取具有参考价值的内容,为下文归责原则的确立奠定基础。最后是好意同乘侵权损害赔偿的过错归责原则的确立。文章从各个角度论证了适用过错原则作为侵权损害赔偿归责原则的合理性,并确立了过错原则的注意义务内容和过错程度。第三部分是对好意同乘侵权损害赔偿范围展开考察。首先是评析学界关于赔偿范围的各种观点,并分别探讨了支持与反对限定赔偿范围的理由;并且还运用实证法分析司法实务中如何确定赔偿范围及其确定的理由。其次采用比较分析法,分析归纳国外关于好意同乘侵权损害赔偿范围的相关立法规定,寻找可参考之处,为下文合理的确定赔偿范围提供参考。最后是确立赔偿责任的具体范围。范围包括人身损害和财产损害,但对精神损害赔偿和间接损失做了合理限制。此外还将协议免责、公平原则下的好意减责作为限定好意同乘赔偿范围的考虑因素。
[Abstract]:Good luck with the ride, is free of charge of the academic call for manned passengers. With the entry of the automobile era, life based on mutual benefit and mutual purpose of good-will ride phenomenon is becoming more and more common. Although it brings us travel convenience, due to the high number of traffic accidents, resulting in a well-intentioned person on the road caused by personal injury compensation disputes also frequently appeared. There are no corresponding legal norms in the current law due to the particularity of good intentions and ride infringement. The lack of legal norms leads to the conflict of judicial guidance opinions between courts and the phenomenon of different judgments in practice. Therefore, how to properly solve the problem of compensation for damages by good will is a common problem faced by the legal profession and the whole society. This article is divided into three parts, the first part of the article is to raise questions. The first is to determine the connotation of the object of this paper. By combing all kinds of theories about the definition of good intention and multiplicative connotation, the author defines the connotation of the object of study by investigating the court's confirmation of the elements of good intentions and multiplicative elements, and determines the scope of the well-intentioned person and the co-multiplier in the subject. Secondly, it discusses the characteristics of its behavior and the difference between it and similar acts, and discusses the nature of the well-intentioned co-multiplicative act by means of the theory, and clarifies that the behavior itself belongs to the friendship act. On this basis, the theoretical basis for the transformation from friendship to tort is demonstrated. Finally, from the point of view of violating the duty of care, this paper discusses the rationality of establishing the right to claim for tort damages, and investigates the existing legal norms and main problems of our country's well-intentioned compensation for tort damages. The second part is to analyze the principle of imputation. The first is to investigate the academic community on the principle of imputation and analyze and summarize it. The second is to investigate the practice of establishing the principle of imputation in judicial practice by using the empirical analysis method, and to explore the reasons behind it. Thirdly, it examines the provisions of the principle of imputation of compensation for damages caused by good intentions and riders in overseas laws and the legal basis behind it. On this basis, it draws on the contents of reference value and lays a foundation for the establishment of the principle of imputation below. Finally, the principle of fault imputation is established. This paper demonstrates the rationality of applying fault principle as the principle of liability for tort damages from various angles, and establishes the content of duty of care and the degree of fault of the principle of fault. The third part is to investigate the scope of compensation for tort damages. First of all, it analyzes the various viewpoints of the academic circles on the scope of compensation, and discusses the reasons for supporting and opposing the limitation of the scope of compensation, and also analyzes how to determine the scope of compensation and the reasons for its determination in judicial practice by using the empirical law. Secondly, by means of comparative analysis, this paper analyzes and sums up the relevant legislative provisions of foreign countries on the scope of compensation for damages in good faith and multiplication, and looks for references to provide references for the following reasonable determination of the scope of compensation. Finally, the specific scope of liability is established. The scope includes personal injury and property damage, but makes reasonable limits to compensation for moral damage and indirect loss. In addition, the agreement exemption and the good intention reduction under the principle of fairness are taken into account in limiting the scope of compensation.
【学位授予单位】：中南财经政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923

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