买卖合同所有权保留问题研究

发布时间：2018-09-11 14:12

【摘要】：随着信用经济的发展,贸易往来的增多,尤其在买卖合同中,所有权保留制度惠及买卖双方利益,以其便捷的交易方式逐渐受到出卖方和买方的青睐,在现代社会发挥了巨大的活力和价值:买受人一方面可以在付清价款之前占有并使用标的物,促进物最大价值的利用;另一方面出卖人以付清价款之日所有权转移为条件担保债权得以实现,促进资金融通。所有权保留制度的繁盛打破了债权和物权的传统藩篱,同时,由于买受人一方仅仅享有买卖合同请求权而在所有权保留制度中处于相对弱势的地位,因而德国创设“买受人期待权”予以保护买受人支付的价金利益,平衡双方地位。2012年《最高人民法院关于审理买卖合同纠纷案件适用法律问题的解释》在《中华人民共和国合同法》明确的所有权保留制度基础上,进一步完善了其在实践过程中的应用。然而就所有权保留制度是否需要登记,登记效力如何并没有明确表明;另一方面,关于买受人期待权问题该司法解释也未能予以明确,买受人期待权性质如何、如何进行保护等问题未能予以详尽阐述。故此,本文分六个部分,以买卖合同中的所有权保留制度为研究对象,比较分析欧德、英美、我国台湾地区关于所有权保留制度的历史发展、演变和制度框架,结合我国现有物权变动模式和立法现状,提出现有制度设计当中存在的问题,并从理论和实践角度分析探索符合我国的所有权变动模式,就目前买受人期待权性质不明确,保护不完善的情况,提出思考和探索途径,以期进一步完善所有权保留制度。第一部分,系所有权保留制度的概述。本部分从所有权保留制度的概念、在各国渊源和发展情况做一简单概括,并介绍该制度在我国现行立法情况,并总结该制度在不同国家和地区产生发展的特性以期揭示所有权保留制度的本质与特点。第二部分,系所有权保留制度的特征。本部分系对所有权保留制度的性质进行剖析,通过所有权路径和担保权益路径的学说争议厘清我国的所有权保留制度性质,为解决后文所有权保留的登记问题和买受人期待权问题提供理论基础。第三部分,系我国所有权保留制度存在的问题。本部分系对实践过程中该制度产生问题的集中和汇总。所有权保留以其独特的方式繁盛于现代社会,也因其占有和所有权分离特点导致权利外观不明朗,除当事人外的第三人无法得知所有权真正状态,并且由于交付和所有权取得并非同一时间,导致买受人期待权处于未定状态,这些特征本身产生的问题亟待解决。第四部分,系其他国家和地区所有权保留制度的立法经验和思考。本部分系以所有权保留制度登记及登记效力、买受人期待权相关制度为两大主要问题,分析德国、瑞士、中国台湾等立法现状及立法原因,探求适用于我国的制度架构。第五部分,系买卖合同所有权保留制度的建议与完善。本部分系在上一部分立法经验的基础之上,结合我国立法实际,探索解决我国所有权保留制度问题的途径,此外,对于买受人期待权问题提出理论上的新探讨。第六部分,系结论。本部分总结论文中心观点和论证思路,重申所有权保留制度发展、繁盛的必要性。
[Abstract]:With the development of credit economy and the increase of trade exchanges, especially in sales contracts, the retention of ownership system benefits the interests of both buyers and sellers, and is gradually favored by sellers and buyers with its convenient trading methods. It has played a tremendous vitality and value in modern society: on the one hand, the buyer can occupy and use it before paying off the price. The prosperity of ownership reservation system breaks the traditional barrier between creditor's rights and real rights, and at the same time, because the buyer only enjoys the right to claim for the sale contract, the seller has the right of ownership. In 2012, the Supreme People's Court (Supreme People's Court) interpreted the applicable legal issues in dealing with disputes over sales contracts. In the Contract Law of the People's Republic of China, the system of ownership retention was clearly defined. However, the validity of registration has not been clearly stated. On the other hand, the judicial interpretation of the buyer's right of expectation has not been made clear, and the nature of the buyer's right of expectation and how to protect it have not been given. Therefore, this paper is divided into six parts, taking the retention of ownership system in the contract of sale as the research object, comparing and analyzing the historical development, evolution and institutional framework of the retention of ownership system in Europe, Germany, Britain and the United States, and Taiwan, and combining with the existing mode of change of property rights and the current legislative situation, putting forward the existing system design. In the first part, it is an overview of the retention of ownership system. This part is an overview of the retention of ownership system. The concept of retention system is briefly summarized in terms of its origin and development in various countries, and the current legislation of the system in China is introduced. The characteristics of its development in different countries and regions are summarized in order to reveal the nature and characteristics of the retention of ownership system. The second part is the characteristics of the retention of ownership system. This paper analyzes the nature of the retention of Title system, clarifies the nature of the retention of title system in China through the disputes over the ownership path and the path of security interest, and provides a theoretical basis for resolving the registration of the retention of title and the problem of the buyer's right to expect. Ownership retention flourishes in modern society in its unique way, and the appearance of the right is not clear because of the separation of possession and ownership. The third party except the parties can not know the real state of ownership, and because delivery and ownership acquisition are not at the same time. The fourth part is about the legislative experience and thinking of ownership reservation system in other countries and regions. This part is mainly about the registration and registration validity of ownership reservation system and the relevant system of buyer's right of expectation. The fifth part is the suggestion and perfection of the system of retention of ownership of sales contracts. This part is based on the legislative experience of the previous part and combines with the actual legislation of our country to explore ways to solve the problems of the system of retention of ownership in China. The sixth part is the conclusion. This part summarizes the central point of the thesis and the ideas of argument, and reiterates the necessity of the development and prosperity of the retention of ownership system.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.6

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