浅论我国惩罚性赔偿制度

发布时间：2018-09-11 14:46

【摘要】：随着社会的逐步发展,民法研究的不断深化,传统的补偿性赔偿已经不能完全适应社会调控的目的,现代社会恶性事件层出不穷,大规模侵权事件屡屡发生,这一切都昭示着社会赔偿制度亟待完善。从而悠久历史,但却一直争议不断的惩罚性赔偿逐步引入我国。我国是典型的大陆法国家,而惩罚性赔偿是英美法的一项重要制度,引入的合理性在哪里,适用的范围如何界定,理论基础又是什么,这些问题现如今仍未得到完美解答。不仅仅是我国,整个大陆法系对惩罚性赔偿在民法中的运用依旧是众说纷纭,支持与反对的意见也是针锋相对。本文拟对惩罚性赔偿的引入背景、历史演进、理论基础、学理基础、惩罚性赔偿引入我国的必要性、未来的发展建议等几个方面对之进行归纳阐述。第一章绪论。我国惩罚性赔偿的引进是一个事实,其起因主要来源于特定的一些事件,而这些事件反映出了处于改革期的中国社会的不可忽视的问题。由此可见惩罚性赔偿的引入有其历史必然性,而对于惩罚性赔偿研究上的欠缺则从基础上阻碍了惩罚性赔偿在我国的发展。因此,对其的研究必定具有重大现实意义;同时剖析我国目前惩罚性赔偿的现状,亦是不得不做的承前启后之举;最后以全面而适当的方法论支持,从多重视角的切入,则是全面解析惩罚性赔偿制度的必经之路。第二章惩罚性赔偿基础理论概述。要理清惩罚性赔偿的适用与引入的正当基础性问题,则必须弄清惩罚性赔偿究竟是一个什么样的制度。通过对惩罚性赔偿的定义与特征的梳理总结,明确惩罚性赔偿的题中之义。通过对惩罚性赔偿在不同时代、不同法系中的历史演进来全面认识惩罚性赔偿的历史必然性。最后通过与相关概念的比对来区别惩罚性赔偿独立存在的价值。第三章我国惩罚性赔偿的发展与现状。惩罚性赔偿在我国立法中的规定是一种事实情况,它是顺应我国时代进步的产物。通过对惩罚性赔偿在我国发展轨迹的阐述,通过现代立法及其修改趋势来对未来的发展进行展望,对目前我国惩罚性赔偿所存在的问题进行全面分析,从而将世界整体的惩罚性赔偿发展与我国实际情况相结合,更加全面的把握我国惩罚性赔偿所处的历史阶段,明晰现今的规定与现实问题之间存在的匹配问题,更全面的掌握我国惩罚性赔偿的全貌。第四章我国民法进一步引入惩罚性赔偿制度的必要性与正当性。惩罚性赔偿不是一个虚构的概念,相反它是客观现实的具体要求。诚信社会的萌发,安全价值理念的引导,公众维权意识的增强,推动着惩罚性赔偿制度在我国法律领域蜕变成型。惩罚性赔偿制度弥补了传统补偿性损害赔偿不考虑主观过错、忽视社会公共利益、受侵害人维权激励机制薄弱等固有缺陷,并立足其现实优势和正当性理论的支撑,不断扩大其适用范围。本章通过对我国民法进一步引入惩罚性赔偿制度的必要性与正当性进行分析解明,从而构建我国惩罚性赔偿引入合理性基础。第五章我国惩罚性赔偿制度改进的建议。惩罚性赔偿在我国的发展还非常受限,存在许多不足之处,而这样的不足之处与社会发展的需求发生脱节,需要更好的弥补这不足,明确构成要件,固定惩罚性赔偿数额,实现实质正义,打破公私二元理论的桎梏,进一步发挥法的安定性作用。文章在前述分析的基础上,借鉴国外优秀经验,结合本国实际,对我国惩罚性赔偿的发展提出大胆的建议。
[Abstract]:With the gradual development of society and the deepening of the study of civil law, the traditional compensatory compensation has been unable to fully adapt to the purpose of social regulation and control. Malignant incidents emerge in endlessly in modern society, and large-scale infringement incidents occur repeatedly. All these indicate that the social compensation system needs to be improved urgently. Thus, it has a long history, but has been controversial punishment. Punitive damages are gradually introduced into our country. Our country is a typical continental law country, and punitive damages is an important system of Anglo-American law. Where is the rationality of the introduction, how to define the scope of application, what is the theoretical basis, these problems have not yet been solved perfectly. Not only our country, the whole continental law system of punitive damages. The application of the civil law is still controversial, and the opinions of support and opposition are also tit-for-tat. This paper summarizes and expounds the background, historical evolution, theoretical basis, theoretical basis, the necessity of Introducing Punitive damages into China, and future development proposals. It is a fact that the introduction of punitive damages is mainly due to some specific events, which reflect the problems that can not be ignored in the reform of Chinese society. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the system of punitive damages in China. At the same time, it is necessary to analyze the current situation of punitive damages in China, which is also a link between the past and the future. The basic theory of punitive damages is summarized. To clarify the application of punitive damages and the legitimate basis of the introduction of punitive damages, it is necessary to clarify what kind of system punitive damages are. The historical evolution of different legal systems to fully understand the historical inevitability of punitive damages. Finally, through the comparison with the relevant concepts to distinguish the value of the independent existence of punitive damages. The product of progress. Through the elaboration of the development track of punitive damages in our country, through the modern legislation and its revision trend to look forward to the future development, a comprehensive analysis of the existing problems of punitive damages in our country at present, so as to integrate the development of punitive damages in the whole world with the actual situation in our country, more comprehensive. In the fourth chapter, the necessity and legitimacy of introducing the punitive damages system into the civil law of our country are further discussed. Punitive damages is not a fictional concept, on the contrary, it is a fictional one. The germination of a good faith society, the guidance of the concept of safety value and the enhancement of public awareness of safeguarding rights have promoted the transformation of the punitive damages system in the legal field of our country. This chapter explains the necessity and legitimacy of further introducing the punitive damages system into China's civil law, so as to construct the rationality foundation of introducing the punitive damages in China. Chapter 5: Punitive damages in China. Punitive damages in China's development is still very limited, there are many shortcomings, and such shortcomings are out of touch with the needs of social development, need to better make up for this shortcomings, clear the constituent elements, fixed the amount of punitive damages, achieve substantive justice, break the shackles of the public-private dual theory, and further On the basis of the foregoing analysis, the article draws lessons from foreign excellent experience, and combines with domestic reality, puts forward bold suggestions for the development of punitive damages in China.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.294

【相似文献】