实用艺术品之著作权保护资格:艺术统一、可分离或高阶层

发布时间：2018-10-11 19:44

【摘要】：对于实用艺术的著作权保护,形成了艺术统一和艺术分离两种理论,在此基础上出现了认定实用艺术品著作权保护资格的三种基本标准:艺术统一、可分离或高阶层。相较而言,高阶层标准与工业艺术发展的时代相背离,有逐渐被放弃的趋势;可分离标准存在模糊不清和不确定性的较大缺陷;而艺术统一标准简洁明确,更符合工业艺术发展的潮流,更尊重智力劳动成果,实践也证明其能够在很大程度上激励实用艺术产业的发展。目前我国著作权立法中对于实用艺术品的保护不明确;司法实践也比较混乱,形成了公众认知标准、可分离标准、美学意义的创作统一标准等标准;理论界更多主张采用可分离标准,但是缺乏充分的研究和论证。我国目前已成为制造业大国,正向创新型经济转型,这即为实用艺术的著作权保护提供了物质基础,又提出了保护的高要求。在这一背景下,我国著作权法修订适宜选择艺术统一标准,对于具有原创性的实用艺术品予以著作权保护;同时向可分离和高阶层标准妥协,对于一般的实用艺术品给予较短的25年保护期限,对于艺术程度较高的实用艺术品给予等同纯艺术品的保护期限;对于艺术特征完全或者极致地受实用功能支配的实用艺术品不给予著作权保护。
[Abstract]:For the copyright protection of practical art, two theories of art unification and art separation have been formed. On this basis, there are three basic standards for determining the qualification of practical art copyright protection: artistic unity, separability or high class. In contrast, high class standards deviate from the era of industrial art development and tend to be abandoned gradually; separable standards have big defects of ambiguity and uncertainty; and the unified standard of art is concise and clear. More in line with the trend of industrial art development, more respect for intellectual labor results, practice also proved that it can stimulate the development of practical art industry to a large extent. At present, the protection of practical works of art in the copyright legislation of our country is not clear, the judicial practice is also quite confused, and has formed the public cognition standard, the separable standard, the esthetics meaning creation unified standard and so on. The academic circle more advocate to adopt the separable standard, but lacks the sufficient research and the proof. At present, China has become a large manufacturing country and is transforming to an innovative economy, which provides a material basis for the copyright protection of practical art and puts forward a high requirement for protection. Under this background, the revision of copyright law of our country is suitable to choose the unified standard of art, to protect the copyright of the original and practical works of art, and to compromise to the standards of separability and high class at the same time. For the general practical art to give a shorter period of 25 years of protection, for the higher degree of practical works of art to give the same protection period of pure works of art; No copyright protection shall be granted to practical works of art whose artistic features are completely or maximally governed by practical functions.
【作者单位】：山东女子学院社会与法学院;山东女子学院知识产权研究中心;
【分类号】：D923.41

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