惩罚性赔偿在合同领域的扩张适用

发布时间：2018-11-05 16:01

【摘要】：惩罚性赔偿自古有之,而惩罚性赔偿作为一种现代意义上的法律制度是近代以来才形成的。现在的惩罚性赔偿制度在发端于英国,在美国发展壮大,如今已被绝大多数英美法系国家和部分大陆法系国家普遍接受和承认并得到了很广的适用。该制度能够有效地发挥惩罚和遏制不法行为、救济受害人权益、防范类似行为再度发生、维护社会公平正义等积极作用,具有重大意义。然而,惩罚性赔偿制度的发展并不是一帆风顺的,自从惩罚性赔偿制度产生之日起,其适用范围一直广受争议,而争议的主要焦点就在于惩罚性赔偿制度除了适用于侵权法领域以外,还能否适用于合同法领域。目前惩罚性赔偿制度在我国侵权法领域已得到基本适用,但是在合同法领域却很少见到它的身影,即使有,也是在具有合同法律关系的一两部单行法和司法解释的零星的法条里规定了一些带有惩罚性赔偿色彩的条款,虽然这些条款起到了一定的积极作用,也表明我国合同法领域对惩罚性赔偿的初步认可,但是这仍然不能算是我国合同法形成了惩罚性赔偿责任制度,适用范围仍然狭窄;同时这些带有惩罚性赔偿色彩的条款过于简陋、僵化,对惩罚性赔偿的很多重点问题没有关注到,根本无法形成一个完整系统的惩罚性赔偿体系,从而造成这项法律制度长期不能尽其所能发挥优势的困局,鉴于此情形,为了扭转困局,惩罚性赔偿很有必要在合同领域扩张其适用空间,使该制度在合同法发挥其真正的价值和优势。本文的写作意图是论证惩罚性赔偿在合同领域为什么能够扩张适用以及如何适用,为该制度的适用构架起理论上的支持,为该制度适用的理论障碍与冲突寻求协调对策,对惩罚性赔偿制度本身的一些重要理论问题进行研究分析,为惩罚性赔偿在合同领域的适用提出一些具体建构等。全文共分四章。第一章的内容是从惩罚性赔偿制度的概念、特点、主要功能三个方面对惩罚性赔偿制度的基本内涵和制度价值作系统论述。第二章的内容是对惩罚性赔偿制度与合同法传统理论的冲突矛盾进行评析与再思考,旨在重新认识两者的矛盾与冲突,寻求调和矛盾的路径,为惩罚性赔偿在合同领域的适用扫清障碍、铺平道路,从而给下文惩罚性赔偿在合同领域适用的必要性起到抛砖引玉的作用。第三章的内容是罗列出惩罚性赔偿在合同领域适用的过程中所面临的一些重要的理论问题,并对这些问题寻找解决对策,论证解决之道,分别对惩罚性赔偿在合同领域适用的必要性、在合同法里适用需要选择何种立法模式、是否须以合同有效成立作为其适用的前提条件三个问题进行了详细论述。第四章的内容是给惩罚性赔偿制度在我国合同领域的适用提出具体规划与构想。本章阐述了从惩罚性赔偿的适用要件、适用案件范围、惩罚性赔偿金的数额计算三个方面建立我国合同法中合同责任领域的惩罚性赔偿责任机制的构想。
[Abstract]:Punitive damages have been made, and punitive damages have been formed in modern sense. Now the punitive damages system has developed and developed in the United States and has been universally accepted and recognized by the majority of Anglo-American law countries and some civil law countries. It is of great significance to play an active role in punishing and restraining wrongful acts, protecting the rights and interests of victims, preventing similar behaviors from happening again, and safeguarding social equity and justice. However, the development of punitive damages system is not plain sailing. Since the emergence of punitive damages system, its scope of application has been widely disputed, and the main focus of the dispute lies in the punitive damages system except for the field of tort law. can also be applied to the field of contract law. At present, the punitive damages system has been basically applied in the field of tort law in our country, but it has rarely seen its figure in the field of contract law, even if there are, It is also that there are some clauses with punitive damages in the scattered law of two single-line law and judicial interpretation with contractual legal relation, although these clauses play a certain positive role, it also shows the preliminary recognition of punitive damages in the field of contract law in China. However, this still cannot be regarded as a system of punitive damages liability in the contract law of our country, and the scope of application is still narrow; at the same time, the provisions with punitive damages are too crude and rigid, and there is no concern about many key problems of punitive damages. In view of this situation, it is necessary to expand its application space in the field of contracts, To make the system give full play to its true value and advantage in contract law. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate why punitive damages can be expanded and applied in the field of contract, and how to apply it, to provide theoretical support for the applicable framework of the system, and to seek a coordinated response to the theoretical obstacles and conflicts to which the system applies. This paper analyzes some important theoretical problems of punitive damages system, and puts forward some concrete construction for punitive damages in the field of contract. The full text is divided into four chapters. The first chapter discusses the basic connotation and system value of punitive damages system from three aspects: the concept, characteristic and main function of punitive compensation system. The second chapter analyzes the conflict between the punitive damages system and the traditional theory of contract law, and aims at re-recognizing the contradiction and conflict of the two, seeking the path of harmonic contradiction, clearing the obstacles for punitive damages in the contract field, paving the way, thereby giving the following punitive damages to the application of the contract field to play the role of the brick-throwing jade. The third chapter is to list the important theoretical problems faced by punitive damages in the application of the contract field, and find solutions to these problems, prove the solution, and apply the punitive damages to the application of punitive damages in the contract field, respectively. In the contract law, it is necessary to choose which legislative mode should be chosen, and whether it is necessary to establish a contract effectively as a prerequisite for its application is discussed in detail. The fourth chapter introduces the application of punitive damages system in our country's contract field. This chapter sets forth the concept of the punitive compensation liability mechanism in the field of contract liability in the contract law of China from three aspects: the applicable requirements of punitive damages, the range of applicable cases and the amount of punitive damages.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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