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合同中的信赖利益概念探析

发布时间:2018-11-09 17:44
【摘要】:信赖利益这一法律概念普遍存在于大陆法系和英美法系合同损害赔偿领域,大陆法系中的信赖利益主要在合同无效被撤销,一方承担缔约过失责任的情况下用做赔偿标准。英美法系的信赖利益则是主要存在于违约损害赔偿中,作为计算被违约方损失标准的一种。在我国,对于信赖利益的概念本身仍然存在很多争议,这主要集中在三个方面,第一是信赖利益的内涵,第二是信赖利益是否存在于有效合同中,第三是信赖利益与合同损害赔偿中的其他利益,即返还利益与期待利益的关系。本文即围绕合同中的信赖利益的概念中的三个问题展开,分成三个部分:本文第一部分是关于信赖利益内涵的探讨。大陆法系对于信赖利益内涵主要观点可以分为两类,即以王泽鉴先生的观点为代表的损失说与以崔健远教授的观点为代表利益说,有学者基于对这些学说的比较与研究进一步提出了固有利益说、代价说等学说。英美法系现今对于信赖利益内涵的定义已经比较成熟,普遍认为信赖利益是一方当事人“基于合约的花费”。本文基于对以上信赖利益学说的比较和分析,归纳了信赖利益的特征,并得出自己的观点。本文认为信赖利益是以一种成本,它是当事人在订约、履约过程中为了获得合约的期待利益而花费的成本。本文第二部分本文希望通过探讨信赖利益与缔约过失责任之间的关系得出两个结论:第一,缔约过失责任制度并不只保护当事人的信赖利益;第二,信赖利益也不仅仅有缔约过失责任制度保护,也由违约责任保护。本文通过归纳大陆法系各国以及我国对于缔约过失责任在立法上和学理上的定义得出,现今的缔约过失责任并不要求损害赔偿与合同的成立有效一定有密切的关系,这使得缔约阶段产生的一些基于当事人人身财产权利受到侵害的赔偿请求也由缔约过失责任制度保护。得出缔约过失责任保护的不仅仅是缔约阶段的信赖利益。接下来本文列举了关于违约责任下是否存在信赖利益赔偿请求这一问题的一些观点,基于这些观点,本文提出了自己的见解,即合同的履行阶段同样存在信赖利益,合同的不履行将导致守约方信赖利益损害,产生违约责任。本文第三部分主要探讨了信赖利益和返还利益,期待利益的关系。本文讨论了传统意义上的返还利益与现今英美法上的返还利益。得出,传统定义上返还利益属于信赖利益的特例,而现今的返还利益已经超过了信赖利益的范畴。接下来,本文主要论述期待利益与信赖利益的关系。本文比较了大陆法系的履行利益和英美法系的期待利益,得出这两个概念差别不大,因此讨论信赖利益和期待利益的关系,对于我国这样一个偏向于大陆法系的国家也是有意义的。之后,本文通过分析富勒在其文章中提到的关于信赖利益与期待利益提供近乎相同赔偿标准的三种情况,来明确期待利益的一些概念。之后,本文对于期待利益与信赖利益进行了比较,说明在很多情况下,期待利益并不一定大于信赖利益。在本章的最后,本文论述了违约损害赔偿中期待利益损害赔偿与信赖利益损害赔偿所存在的竞合关系。
[Abstract]:The legal concept of the trust benefit is common in the contract damages of the continental law system and the common law system, and the trust benefit in the continental law system is mainly used as the compensation standard in the case of the failure of the contract and the party's fault liability. The trust benefit of the Anglo-American law system is mainly in the damages for breach of contract, as one of the criteria for calculating the loss of the breaching party. In our country, there are still many disputes in the concept of the trust benefit, which is mainly focused on the three aspects, the first is the connotation of the trust benefit, the second is whether the trust benefit exists in the effective contract, the third is the trust benefit and other benefits in the contract damages, namely, the relationship between the return benefit and the expected benefit. In this paper, three problems in the concept of the trust benefit in the contract are expanded and divided into three parts: the first part of this paper is the discussion on the connotation of the trust benefit. in that civil law system, the main point of view on the connotation of the trust benefit can be divided into two categories, namely, the loss of the representative from the point of view of Mr. Wang, and the point of view of professor Cui Jian far as the representative, and some scholars have further put forward the inherent benefit theory based on the comparison and study of these theories, At the cost of the theory. The common law system is mature in the definition of the connotation of the trust interest, and it is widely believed that the trust benefit is one of the parties' 鈥渃ontract-based cost鈥,

本文编号:2321121

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