我国民法总则非法人团体的制度设计

发布时间：2018-11-10 13:53

【摘要】：非法人团体是介于自然人和法人之间、并与法人相对称的组织体。除传统的民事合伙外,德国民法以无权利能力社团为其规制重点,日本民法还纳入无权利能力财团,并均以不同于民事合伙的团体法的构造来加以规范,赋予其民事权利能力,同时也呈现出与合伙法在一定程度上的接近。中国大陆现行立法出于诉讼的便利以其他组织来称谓非法人团体,在一定程度上抹杀了非法人团体中异于合伙的团体构造——非法人社团和非法人财团。我国未来的民法总则应当将合伙和非法人社团、财团并立为规范的重点,使非法人社团、财团回复到团体法构造的本质,并根据非法人社团所追求的目的,区分非营利性的和营利性的两类社团,在对外责任上区分规范。
[Abstract]:The non-legal body is a kind of organization between natural person and legal person, which is symmetrical with the legal person. In addition to the traditional civil partnership, the German civil law focuses on the incompetent association, and the Japanese civil law is incorporated into the incompetent consortium, which is regulated by the structure of the group law which is different from the civil partnership and endows it with civil right capacity. At the same time, it also presents a certain degree of proximity with the partnership law. Due to the convenience of litigation, the current legislation in mainland China refers to other organizations as unincorporated organizations, which to a certain extent nullify the structure of unincorporated organizations, which are different from that of partnership, that is, unincorporated organizations and unincorporated consortia. The future general principles of civil law in our country should focus on partnership and unincorporated associations and consortia, so that the unincorporated organizations and consortia can return to the essence of the structure of the corporate law, and according to the aims pursued by the unincorporated societies, Distinguish between non-profit and profit-making associations and distinguish norms in terms of external responsibility.
【作者单位】：北京航空航天大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金一般项目《侵权责任法实施中的疑难问题研究》(批准号:12BFX083);国家社会科学基金重大项目《中国民法重述;民法典编纂与社会主义市场经济法律制度的完善研究》(批准号:14ZDC018)
【分类号】：D923

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