我国姓氏权的属性及其法律规制

发布时间：2018-12-17 19:20

【摘要】：作为现实生活中人人必备、无时不用的重要标记和社交工具,姓氏是自然人与生俱来,终生使用的一种血缘符号,更是中国人主流观念中传宗接代、延续香火、朝宗谒祖最直接的形式。然而,目前我国对姓氏规范的属性研究和姓氏的法律规制问题却未给予足够重视。随着社会经济生活的飞速发展和公民权利意识的日益觉醒,因姓氏选取、变更所引发的民事纠纷和“官民"纠纷不断浮出水面。规范的阙如和学术的失语,已经无法应对群众层出不穷的姓氏诉求和纷繁复杂的执法实践,不仅导致了登记执法尺度不统一和管理秩序的混乱,而且造成了司法实践中理解适用上的偏差和裁判的失范。因此,亟需对姓氏规范有关问题进行较为全面的研究,针对姓氏的选取、变更问题,建立与取名、更名不同的规制模式,框定规制的限度,从而为群众选取、变更姓氏提供既满足个人尊严又符合公众利益的行为规则,为登记机关登记姓氏提供既有利于社会良性管控又便于执行操作的程序规范和实体规范,同时也为人民法院审理相关行政案件提供明确具体的审查依据。本文主要有三个部分组成。第一部分首先梳理了中外姓氏发展史和制度现状,并从中发掘出中华姓氏的独有特征。其次,从华夏五千年文明中抽象出中华姓氏独有的敦亲睦祖、文化传承、法制建构和社会管控等功能。第二部分首先归纳了我国法学理论界关于姓氏规范属性的几种观点,阐述了不同观点产生的学术背景、各自论据,并对上述观点的利弊进行了分析和比较。其次,针对姓氏选取和变更的现状,提出姓氏权的概念,并对姓氏权与相关权利之间的关系进行了阐述和分析,进而对姓氏规范的法律属性进行归位。第三部分则首先提出并分析对姓氏和名字应当采用不同规制模式,这也将是未来各国立法的共同趋势。其次,在借鉴国外姓氏历史发展及立法规定的基础之上,结合我国姓氏使用和登记的现状及不足,从规范创制和规范执行的综合面向对我国姓氏法律规制问题进行了分析和设计,并重点分析解决两个方面重要问题：一个是姓氏的出生登记问题,包括出生姓氏的选择范围,选择条件等。另一个姓氏的变更登记问题,包括姓氏的变更条件、选择范围,以及姓氏变更后的恢复问题等。
[Abstract]:As an essential mark and social tool for everyone in real life, family name is a blood symbol that natural persons are born with and used throughout their lives. The most direct form of paying homage to the ancestors of the dynasty. However, at present, China has not paid enough attention to the study of the attribute of surname norms and the legal regulation of surnames. With the rapid development of social and economic life and the awareness of civil rights, the civil disputes and the disputes between the "officials and the people" caused by the change of family name are constantly surfacing. The lack of norms and academic aphasia has been unable to cope with the endless demands of the masses for surnames and the complicated practice of law enforcement, which has not only led to the disunity of the law enforcement standards of registration and confusion of the management order. Moreover, it caused the deviation of understanding and application in judicial practice and the anomie of the referee. Therefore, there is an urgent need to conduct a more comprehensive study on the relevant issues concerning the regulation of surname, aiming at the selection, change of surname, establishment and naming of different regulatory models, setting up the limits of regulation, so as to select for the masses. To provide rules of conduct that satisfy both personal dignity and the public interest in the change of family name, and provide procedural and substantive norms for registration of surnames by registration authorities that are both conducive to social benign control and easy to carry out operations, At the same time also for the people's court to hear relevant administrative cases to provide a clear and specific basis for examination. There are three parts in this paper. The first part firstly combs the history and system of Chinese and foreign surnames, and finds out the unique features of Chinese surnames. Secondly, the unique functions of Chinese family name, cultural inheritance, legal system construction and social control are abstracted from the five thousand years of Chinese civilization. In the second part, the author sums up several views on the normative attributes of surnames in the field of legal theory in China, expounds the academic background of different viewpoints, their respective arguments, and analyzes and compares the advantages and disadvantages of the above views. Secondly, according to the current situation of surname selection and change, the concept of surname right is put forward, and the relationship between surname right and related rights is expounded and analyzed, and then the legal attribute of surname norm is put forward. The third part first puts forward and analyzes the different regulatory models of surname and first name, which will be the common trend of legislation in the future. Secondly, on the basis of drawing lessons from the historical development and legislative provisions of foreign surnames, combined with the current situation and shortcomings of the use and registration of surnames in China, This paper analyzes and designs the legal regulation of surnames in China from the aspects of normative creation and normative implementation, and focuses on the analysis and solution of two important problems: one is the birth registration of surnames, including the scope of choice of birth surnames. Select conditions, etc. Another problem is the registration of change of surname, including the condition of change of surname, the range of choice, and the problem of recovery after the change of surname.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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