转基因生物侵权责任考究
发布时间：2018-12-24 15:03
【摘要】：近年来随着我国现代生物技术的蓬勃发展,有关转基因生物及其产品对人体健康及生态环境可能造成负面影响的相关新闻和实例屡见不鲜,尤其是国外相似报道的频频曝光及国内大量的实验研究的陆续证实,一次次地将转基因生物安全问题推至舆论的风口浪尖。社会公众的担忧并非空穴来风,转基因生物及其产品致损事件的频见报端足以引起社会公众对这一新兴科技事物的惶恐。然而,目前国际上有关转基因生物安全的一些规定仅针对不同地区实际情况实行,并无通行做法,涉及到转基因生物侵权责任方面更无一致通说,也并未出台有关此类生物及其产品致损侵权责任承担的相关规定,我国国内学理界的相关研究成果更是少之又少,面对现代基因工程技术及其衍生品的迅速蔓延,强力敦促具体管理制度及模式的华丽出台。本文以转基因生物及其产品侵权责任为切入点,结合美国、欧盟、日本三种国家和地区对待转基因生物安全问题的不同做法及制度模式,剖析我国目前此方面存在的问题、成因及后续解决思路。本文正文分为三部分:第一部分,转基因生物侵权概述。本部分通过开篇引入事例的形式,提出转基因生物侵权这一普遍存在现象及相关责任人的做法和态度,继而引出本文所欲论证的焦点——转基因生物侵权;接着从一般民事侵权责任理论的角度出发,针对这一新兴特殊侵权领域,分别从因果关系认定、归责原则适用等方面加以论述。第二部分,转基因生物侵权责任立法现状分析。本部分主要从现有立法层面对上文提出的相关问题进行剖析,分别列举美国、欧盟、日本不同国家和地区的态度和观点,对比我国的立法实践,分析出目前我国转基因生物侵权现象时有发生、但并无正规解决途径及渠道的原因。指出专门立法的不足、现有立法对涉及转基因生物问题规定的粗疏是导致大部分侵权现象不了了之的根源。第三部分,转基因生物侵权责任立法完善建议。通过前两部分问题的提出、成因的分析,本部分紧接着对问题的解决作尝试性的探讨,主要从立法层面和制度层面两部分进行建议。立法层面:建议制定专门立法规范、在现有其他法律中增设专门性规定;制度层面:建议完善损害救济制度、公益诉讼制度及外部监管制度等。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern biotechnology in China in recent years, news and examples about the possible negative effects of genetically modified organisms and their products on human health and the ecological environment are common. In particular, the frequent exposure of similar reports from abroad and the confirmation of a large number of domestic experimental studies have repeatedly pushed the issue of the safety of genetically modified organisms to the forefront of public opinion. The concern of the public is not groundless. The frequent reports of the damage caused by genetically modified organisms and their products are enough to arouse the public's fear about this new technology. However, at present, some international provisions on GM biosafety are only applied to the actual situation in different regions, and there is no common practice, and there is no consensus regarding the tort liability of GMOs. There are also no relevant regulations on the liability for infringement of damage caused by such organisms and their products, and the relevant research results of the domestic scientific circles are even less, facing the rapid spread of modern genetic engineering technology and its derivatives. Strongly urge specific management systems and models of gorgeous introduction. Based on the tort liability of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and their products, combined with the different approaches and institutional models of the three countries and regions, the United States, the European Union and Japan, this paper analyzes the existing problems in this respect in China. Causes of formation and follow-up solutions. The text of this paper is divided into three parts: the first part is an overview of the infringement of transgenic organisms. Through the introduction of examples at the beginning of this part, this part puts forward the universal phenomenon of the infringement of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and the practices and attitudes of relevant responsible persons, and then leads to the focus of this paper-the infringement of GMOs; Then from the point of view of the general theory of tort liability, this paper discusses this new special tort field from the aspects of causality determination and the application of the principle of imputation. The second part is the analysis of legislation status of tort liability of transgenic organisms. This part mainly analyzes the relevant issues raised above from the existing legislative level, respectively enumerates the attitudes and views of different countries and regions in the United States, the European Union and Japan, and compares the legislative practice of our country. This paper analyzes the reasons why the infringement of transgenic organisms occurs from time to time in China, but there are no formal ways and channels to solve it. It is pointed out that the lack of special legislation and the carelessness of existing legislation on the issue of genetically modified organisms (GMO) are the root causes of the failure of most tort phenomena. The third part, the legislation consummation suggestion of transgenic organism tort liability. Through the first two parts of the problem, the analysis of the causes, this part of the problem followed by a tentative discussion of the solution, mainly from the legislative level and the system level of the two parts of the recommendations. At the legislative level, it is suggested that special legislative norms should be formulated, and special provisions should be added to other existing laws; at the institutional level, the damage relief system, the public interest litigation system and the external supervision system should be improved.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern biotechnology in China in recent years, news and examples about the possible negative effects of genetically modified organisms and their products on human health and the ecological environment are common. In particular, the frequent exposure of similar reports from abroad and the confirmation of a large number of domestic experimental studies have repeatedly pushed the issue of the safety of genetically modified organisms to the forefront of public opinion. The concern of the public is not groundless. The frequent reports of the damage caused by genetically modified organisms and their products are enough to arouse the public's fear about this new technology. However, at present, some international provisions on GM biosafety are only applied to the actual situation in different regions, and there is no common practice, and there is no consensus regarding the tort liability of GMOs. There are also no relevant regulations on the liability for infringement of damage caused by such organisms and their products, and the relevant research results of the domestic scientific circles are even less, facing the rapid spread of modern genetic engineering technology and its derivatives. Strongly urge specific management systems and models of gorgeous introduction. Based on the tort liability of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and their products, combined with the different approaches and institutional models of the three countries and regions, the United States, the European Union and Japan, this paper analyzes the existing problems in this respect in China. Causes of formation and follow-up solutions. The text of this paper is divided into three parts: the first part is an overview of the infringement of transgenic organisms. Through the introduction of examples at the beginning of this part, this part puts forward the universal phenomenon of the infringement of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and the practices and attitudes of relevant responsible persons, and then leads to the focus of this paper-the infringement of GMOs; Then from the point of view of the general theory of tort liability, this paper discusses this new special tort field from the aspects of causality determination and the application of the principle of imputation. The second part is the analysis of legislation status of tort liability of transgenic organisms. This part mainly analyzes the relevant issues raised above from the existing legislative level, respectively enumerates the attitudes and views of different countries and regions in the United States, the European Union and Japan, and compares the legislative practice of our country. This paper analyzes the reasons why the infringement of transgenic organisms occurs from time to time in China, but there are no formal ways and channels to solve it. It is pointed out that the lack of special legislation and the carelessness of existing legislation on the issue of genetically modified organisms (GMO) are the root causes of the failure of most tort phenomena. The third part, the legislation consummation suggestion of transgenic organism tort liability. Through the first two parts of the problem, the analysis of the causes, this part of the problem followed by a tentative discussion of the solution, mainly from the legislative level and the system level of the two parts of the recommendations. At the legislative level, it is suggested that special legislative norms should be formulated, and special provisions should be added to other existing laws; at the institutional level, the damage relief system, the public interest litigation system and the external supervision system should be improved.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923
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