竞技体育运动员间人身损害侵权责任研究

发布时间：2019-02-15 17:51

【摘要】：随着竞技体育事业的发展,竞赛的激烈性和危险性大大增加。运动员为了夺取比赛胜利,往往在拼搏的同时忽视了同场竞技者的安全。这就造成了竞技体育运动员间的人身损害,而这损害通常又会导致侵权责任发生。这种情况下的侵权责任,和一般侵权责任相比,有其特殊性。因此在适用《侵权责任法》的相关规定时会面临一些法律问题。它们主要涉及到责任的认定、归责原则、免责事由,都不能适用和一般侵权责任相同的标准。只有解决了这些问题,才能在适用法律时不至于出现混乱。这样既能准确地计算行为人的责任,从而更好地保障受害者利益;还能使得竞技体育在健康有序的轨道上发展,可谓一举两得。论文通过文献分析法、逻辑分析法、比较分析法和案例分析法等研究方法,从这种侵权行为的特殊性出发,对以上问题进行研究和论证,明确了它们在适用法律时的注意事项。在法律适用时的第一个问题是侵权责任的认定标准。加害人行为的违法性判定标准和一般侵权行为不同;加害行为的损害事实必须达到比较严重的程度;在对主观状态进行认定时,也和一般侵权责任的判断标准有较大区别。第二个问题是归责原则。基于主观状态的特殊性,这种侵权责任不能适用一个统一的归责原则,而应将过错责任原则、无过错责任原则和公平责任原则相结合。第三个问题是免责事由。免除加害人责任的主要事由是受害人自甘风险。这一原则还未正式写入侵权责任法,但在理论界和司法实践中都有讨论和应用,因此亟需将其纳入侵权责任法的体系中。自甘风险原则和受害人同意原则不同,后者不能被适用到竞技体育运动员间人身损害侵权责任中。
[Abstract]:With the development of competitive sports, the intensity and danger of competition increase greatly. In order to win the competition, athletes often struggle while ignoring the safety of competitors. This results in physical injury among competitive athletes, which usually leads to tort liability. This kind of circumstance tort liability, and general tort liability, have its particularity. Therefore, the application of the relevant provisions of the Tort liability Law will face some legal problems. They mainly involve the determination of liability, the principle of imputation, the reason of exemption, which cannot be applied to the same standard as general tort liability. Only by solving these problems can we avoid confusion in the application of the law. This not only can accurately calculate the responsibility of the perpetrator, thus better protect the interests of the victims, but also make competitive sports in a healthy and orderly track development, it can be said to kill two birds with one stone. Through the methods of literature analysis, logic analysis, comparative analysis and case analysis, this paper studies and proves the above problems from the particularity of this kind of tort, and clarifies the matters needing attention when they apply the law. The first problem in the application of law is the standard of tort liability. The judgment standard of offending behavior is different from that of general tort act; the damage fact of injurious act must reach a more serious degree; when determining the subjective state, there is a big difference with the judgment standard of general tort liability. The second issue is the principle of imputation. Based on the particularity of subjective state, this kind of tort liability can not be applied to a unified imputation principle, but should combine fault liability principle, no-fault liability principle and fair liability principle. The third question is exemption. The main reason for exempting the offender from liability is that the victim is willing to take risks. This principle has not been formally written into tort liability law, but it has been discussed and applied in theory and judicial practice, so it is urgent to bring it into the system of tort liability law. Since the principle of risk is different from the principle of consent of the victim, the latter can not be applied to the tort liability of personal injury among athletes.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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