海事纠纷诉前调解制度法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 19:30

本文选题：多元纠纷解决机制　切入点：诉前调解　出处：《大连海事大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自立案登记制改革后,海事法院与普通法院一样都出现了"诉讼爆炸"的问题,海事法院的案件审理压力与日俱增,关于海事纠纷多元化解决渠道也逐渐吸引人们的眼光,其中诉前调解就是一种化解海事法院案件审理压力的重要途径。对于诉前调解,最高人民法院在2004年就出台了《关于人民法院民事调解工作若干问题规定》,同时2012年新修订的《民事诉讼法》第122条也进一步为人民法院进行诉前调解提供了相应的法律依据。在2016年制定的最高人民法院《关于人民法院特邀调解的规定》中,明确人民法院可以通过委托调解这一途径来缓解案件的审判工作压力。目前各海事法院在诉前调解实践中主要采用法院自行调解及委托其他调解组织或个人进行调解这两种诉前调解模式解决海事纠纷。但在现行的调解模式下,仍然存在一些法律问题导致诉前调解这一机制难以得到有效落实,难以更好地缓解我国海事审判工作的现实压力。本文在分析海事纠纷诉前调解存在的问题的基础上,学习借鉴美国ADR中诉前调解的一些具体做法,对我国海事纠纷诉前调解存在的问题提出相应的完善建议,以促进我国海事纠纷诉前调解能够得到有效落实。全文一共分为四章。第一章为海事法院诉前调解制度的概述,主要介绍海事纠纷诉前调解的概念,着重区分诉前调解与立案调解之间的差异之处,阐明文章所限定的海事纠纷诉前调解的范围以及海事纠纷诉前调解与普通民事纠纷诉前调解之间的差异;其次阐明海事纠纷诉前调解所应遵守的基本原则。第二章主要分析我国实践中海事法院诉前调解制度存在的问题,具体表现在适用的案件范围不明确,调解工作监督不力,调解制度运行资金保障力度不足以及传统调解观念对于诉前调解机制运行效果的不利影响。第三章主要介绍美国的ADR中诉前调解制度的一些具体做法,以及我国海事纠纷诉前调解能够从中得到的借鉴之处。第四章主要从海事法院的角度和海事纠纷当事人的角度,说明完善当下我国海事纠纷诉前调解制度重大意义,以及从明确海事纠纷诉前调解的适用范围、完善相应的调解员培训及监督机制、补充完善相关法律法规保障调解制度的资金支持以及加强海事法院普法宣传及诉调衔接工作方面,提出对我国海事纠纷诉前调解制度的建议。
[Abstract]:Since the reform of the registration system, the maritime courts and ordinary courts have all appeared the problem of "litigation explosion". The maritime courts have been under increasing pressure to hear cases, and the diversified channels for resolving maritime disputes have gradually attracted people's eyes. Pre-litigation mediation is an important way to resolve the pressure of maritime court cases. On 2004, the Supreme people's Court promulgated the provisions on Civil Mediation in the people's Court. At the same time, article 122 of the newly revised Civil procedure Law on 2012 also provided a further basis for the people's court to conduct pre-litigation mediation. In the provisions of the Supreme people's Court concerning specially invited Mediation of the people's Court, formulated on 2016, It is clear that the people's court can relieve the pressure of trial work by entrusting mediation. At present, all maritime courts mainly use court self-mediation and entrusting other mediation organizations or individuals in the practice of pre-litigation mediation. The two pre-litigation mediation modes resolve maritime disputes. However, under the current mediation mode, There are still some legal problems which lead to the difficulty of effective implementation of the mechanism of pre-litigation mediation and the difficulty of alleviating the practical pressure of maritime trial work in China. This paper analyzes the problems existing in the pre-litigation mediation of maritime disputes. Learn from the specific methods of pre-litigation mediation in ADR of the United States, and put forward corresponding suggestions to improve the problems existing in the pre-litigation mediation of maritime disputes in China. In order to promote the effective implementation of pre-litigation mediation of maritime disputes in China, the full text is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is an overview of the pre-litigation mediation system of maritime courts, which mainly introduces the concept of pre-litigation mediation in maritime disputes. The differences between pre-litigation mediation and filed mediation are emphasized, and the scope of pre-litigation mediation in maritime disputes and the differences between pre-litigation mediation in maritime disputes and civil disputes before litigation are clarified. The second chapter mainly analyzes the problems existing in the pre-litigation mediation system of maritime courts in our country, which is manifested in the lack of clear scope of cases and poor supervision of mediation work. The fund guarantee of the mediation system is insufficient and the traditional mediation concept has a negative impact on the operation effect of the pre-lawsuit mediation mechanism. The third chapter mainly introduces some specific methods of the pre-lawsuit mediation system in the ADR of the United States. Chapter 4th, mainly from the point of view of maritime court and maritime dispute parties, shows the great significance of perfecting the current system of pre-litigation mediation of maritime disputes in China. And from defining the scope of application of pre-litigation mediation of maritime disputes, and perfecting the corresponding training and supervision mechanism of mediators, In the aspects of perfecting the financial support of the relevant laws and regulations to guarantee the mediation system and strengthening the publicity of the general law of maritime courts and the connection of litigation and adjustment, the paper puts forward some suggestions on the pre-litigation mediation system of maritime disputes in China.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D926

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