冲突与平衡：土地征收中的权力与权利

发布时间：2018-04-13 22:00

本文选题：征收权 + 土地规划权　；参考：《华东政法大学》2010年博士论文

【摘要】：土地征收中的权力和权利构成中,征收权和土地规划权是两个公权力,不动产财产权与土地发展权是两个私权利。征收权与不动产财产权以及规划权与土地发展权冲突的实质就是公权力对私权利的合法侵犯。这个“法”即划定了公权力的活动空间和私权利的容忍范围。征收权是国家强制取得财产权的权力。征收权的客体是财产权利,包括物权和债权、动产和不动产。土地征收中征收权与不动产财产权的冲突的法律效果是不动产财产权变动,补偿请求权产生,回复请求权产生。平衡征收权与不动产财产权的路径是公共利益要件。应该把重点从公益要件的内容范围转移到确认公共利益的方法与程序上来。土地规划权是国家对土地利用行为进行限制的权力。土地发展权是私权,是独立的财产权,在大陆法上是区分地上权。土地规划权与土地发展权冲突的法律效果是土地发展权必须容忍而且没有补偿,但是如果超出必要的限度就必须补偿,在这个意义上就构成管制性征收。在实践中有司法界分法、私权内部规范法、补偿替代机制包括TDR、私人协议等平衡路径。我国土地征收中征收权与不动产财产权的冲突中,虽然立法中有公益要件,但实践中公益要件被虚置甚至变异。我国土地规划权全部为行政权,致使规划的公益担保受到质疑。我国的农村集体土地发展权被有意的制度安排给剥夺和征收了,我国特有的补偿替代机制是指标的转让。因此我国的平衡路径应该是寻求法治的保障。我国应该确立法治国的比例原则,借鉴区段征收、市地重划以及巩固成都实验的成果,运用比例原则来平衡土地征收中的权力和权利。我国还应该建立和完善公众参与,从程序要件中平衡土地征收中的权力和权利。
[Abstract]:In the power and constitution of land expropriation, expropriation right and land planning right are two public rights, real estate property right and land development right are two private rights.The essence of the conflict between expropriation right, real estate property right and planning right and land development right is the legal infringement of private right by public power.This Act defines the scope of public power and the tolerance of private rights.The right of expropriation is the power of the state to impose property rights.The object of expropriation right is property right, including real right and creditor's right, movable property and immovable property.The legal effect of the conflict between expropriation right and real estate property right in land expropriation is the change of real estate property right, the emergence of compensation claim right and the emergence of reply claim right.The path of balancing expropriation right and real estate property right is an important element of public interest.The emphasis should be shifted from the content scope of public welfare elements to the method and procedure of recognizing public interest.The right of land planning is the power of the state to restrict the behavior of land use.Land development right is private right and independent property right.The legal effect of the conflict between the land planning right and the land development right is that the land development right must be tolerated and not compensated, but if it exceeds the necessary limit, it must be compensated. In this sense, it constitutes a regulatory expropriation.In practice, there are judicial division law, private right internal standard law, compensation substitution mechanism including TDRand private agreement and other balanced paths.In the conflict between expropriation right and real estate property right in land expropriation in our country, although there are commonweal elements in legislation, in practice the commonweal elements are fictitious or even varied.The right of land planning in our country is all administrative power, which makes the public welfare guarantee of planning questionable.The rural collective land development right in our country has been deprived and expropriated by the systematic arrangement. The special compensation substitution mechanism in China is the transfer of the index.Therefore, the balanced path of our country should be to seek the guarantee of rule of law.Our country should establish the proportional principle of ruling the country by law, draw lessons from the section expropriation, redraw the city land and consolidate the achievements of Chengdu experiment, and use the proportional principle to balance the power and right in the land expropriation.China should also establish and perfect public participation and balance the rights and powers in land expropriation from the procedural elements.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.181;D922.3

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