我国农村土地承包经营权抵押问题探究

发布时间：2018-05-01 17:43

本文选题：土地承包经营权 + 用益物权　；参考：《江西财经大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着国家“工业化、城镇化”战略的不断推进以及国家相关鼓励政策的倾斜扶持,城市经济得以飞速发展,但农业的“高投入、低产出”等特点,加上农民在市场竞争中具有信息缺乏、技术缺乏、资金缺乏等天然弱势,导致城乡经济发展水平的差距在不断拉大。农民作为一个经济上不占据强势“话语权”的群体,要想公平地参与市场经济活动,首先需要解决的困境就是缺乏生产资金。对于中国广大农民而言,要想实现发展资金的原始积累最有可能的途径便是通过手中最有价值的生产资料——土地——来实现。很长一段时期内,我国农民对农村土地只具有劳作意义上的使用权,其对土地并不具有今天民法意义上的权利义务关系。农业生产责任制改革后,农民可以较长时期地从集体承包土地进行自主经营,在此基础上,形成并逐步完善土地承包经营权制度。在不完全失去“土地”的前提下有条件地让渡经营权,土地承包经营权抵押无疑是农民发展的最佳路径。但按照现行法律之规定,要想通过土地承包经营权抵押来获取发展资金,存在着诸多障碍。首先,土地承包经营权的属性是物权还是债权,在理论界存在质疑。其次,土地承包经营权能否抵押,存在着理论争议,也缺乏法律的直接规定的支持。第三,土地承包经营权的抵押在全国范围内的探索性实践,为该项权利的抵押实现积累了很多有益经验,但也暴露了一些问题。因此,建立和完善土地承包经营权抵押制度,需要解决法律规定和制度设计上的一些缺陷。具体而言,需要从以下几个方面入手,第一,取消农村土地承包经营权抵押的区别对待制度;第二,完善农村土地登记制度;第三,取消对农村土地承包经营权抵押的限制条件;第四,承认农村土地承包经营权农户主体资格;第五,建立农村土地承包经营权价值评估制度;第六,完善农村土地承包经营权抵押风险控制体系。
[Abstract]:With the continuous promotion of the national strategy of "industrialization, urbanization" and the preferential support of relevant national incentives, the urban economy has developed rapidly, but the characteristics of agriculture, such as "high input, low output" and so on, In addition, farmers in the market competition with the lack of information, lack of technology, lack of funds and other natural weaknesses, resulting in urban and rural economic development level gap is widening. Farmers, as a group that does not occupy a strong "right of speech" in economy, want to participate in the market economy activities fairly, the first dilemma that needs to be solved is the lack of production funds. For the majority of Chinese farmers, the most likely way to realize the primitive accumulation of development funds is through the most valuable means of production-land. For a long period of time, the peasants of our country only have the right to use the rural land in the sense of labor, which does not have the relationship of rights and obligations in the sense of civil law. After the reform of agricultural production responsibility system, farmers can manage independently from the collective contracted land for a long time, and on this basis, form and gradually perfect the system of land contractual management right. Under the premise of not completely losing "land", land contractual management right mortgage is undoubtedly the best way for farmers to develop. However, according to the current law, there are many obstacles to obtain development funds through land contract management right mortgage. First of all, the property of land contractual management right is real right or creditor's right. Secondly, whether the land contract management right can be mortgaged, there are theoretical disputes, and lack of direct legal support. Thirdly, the exploratory practice of the mortgage of land contract management right in the whole country has accumulated a lot of beneficial experience for the realization of this right, but also exposed some problems. Therefore, to establish and perfect the mortgage system of land contractual management right needs to solve some defects in the legal regulation and system design. Specifically, we need to start from the following aspects: first, cancel the system of differentiated treatment of the right to contract management of rural land mortgage; second, improve the rural land registration system; third, To cancel the restrictions on the mortgage of rural land contractual management rights; fourth, to recognize the principal qualifications of rural land contractual management rights; fifth, to establish a value evaluation system for rural land contractual management rights; and sixth, to establish a system for evaluating the value of rural land contractual management rights; sixth, Improve the rural land contractual management right mortgage risk control system.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.32;D923.2

【参考文献】