反腐背景下的行政信息公开制度研究

发布时间：2019-06-17 21:05

【摘要】：腐败是一种严重的违纪违法行为,不仅危及和破坏法律的权威性和实效性,而且破坏我国社会主义的经济基础,动摇着我国社会的政治基础。腐败问题己经对党、国家和社会构成了潜在的威胁。随着腐败案件的不断披露,党中央和国家以及广大人民群众都对此类事件给予高度关注。腐败是政府公权力的滥用,可以说,人类自从有了公共权力就有了腐败现象,而抑制腐败的根本措施不在于惩治,而是在于防控。历史经验证明,一切腐败现象和腐败行为的最大特征就在于其行为的秘密性。而现实中,政府管理制度和行政行为的非公开性在一定程度上为腐败者的腐败行为提供了可乘之机。同时,在信息作为重要资源的今天,行政主体拥有大量的信息,行政信息公开作为合法行政、合理行政的一个重要部分,是建设法治政府和法治社会的重要课题之一,更是反腐的重要渠道和手段。从这个大背景出发,我们可以看出,行政信息公开与反腐存在着天然的联系,二者相互作用、相互促进,全面推行行政信息公开,让权力在人民监督之下行使,能够有效防范权力失控、决策失误和行为失范。因此,行政信息公开制度是反腐的内在要求。然而,我国的行政信息公开尚处于起步阶段,现行法律规范中只有关于政府信息公开的规定,且我国《政府信息公开条例》属于行政法规,内容有待完善。《条例》的实际操作性不强,信息公开范围规定较模糊、与其他法律规范难以有效衔接、司法救济形同虚设、行政信息公开中知情权和隐私权的冲突等问题都尚未解决。因此,行政信息公开制度目前并不能有效地发挥其抑制腐败、加强行政主体廉政建设的功能。因此,本文第一部分从行政信息公开与反腐倡廉相互作用的大背景出发,结合国内外的研究现状和立法现状,论述了本文的写作价值和导向作用。第二部分主要论述了行政信息公开制度的反腐法理基础是三项行政法上的基本原则即权利制约权力、程序的正当性以及依法行政的本质要求。并由此说明了行政信息公开制度具有遏制腐败、规范行政行为、保障行政相对人的知情权和监督权以及降低行政成本、建立法治、责任政府的反腐功能。第三部分借鉴了国外法律体系、反腐的预防制度以及监督机制等三方面的有益实践经验,并通过对比国内外行政信息公开制度总结出完善法律体系、三种反腐模式并行以及健全监督机制对我国反腐倡廉进程具有重大的现实和理论意义;第四部分主要从法律规范、行政自由裁量权、行政程序以及救济制度等四个方面分析我国现行行政信息公开制度在反腐功能上存在的不足,并分析造成缺陷的原因是法律体制不健全、公开体制不顺、运行体制不畅三方面。因为行政信息公开制度的主要功能是从根源上预防而非惩治腐败,而本章的重点在于通过分析现实漏洞来为构建治理腐败的法律路径埋下伏笔;最后一章结合当今热点,以"三公经费"、"公众参与决策"、"公开公务员信息"为切入点,结合新颁布的《不动产登记暂行条例》和《四川省重大行政决策责任追究暂行办法》,针对我国国情,从"用人"、"定事"、"花钱"三个方面,提出具体可操作的现实建议,并用法律的形式固定上述建议。综上,本文希望通过建立健全行政信息公开制度为预防和治理腐败提供法律路径建议,通过加强对行政权力的制约、保证行政程序的正当性达到促进依法行政、提高政府公信力的目的,以期加强法治国家、法治政府和法治社会建设。
[Abstract]:Corruption is a serious violation of law and discipline, not only to endanger and destroy the authority and the actual effect of the law, but also to destroy the economic basis of our country's socialism, and to shake the political foundation of our society. Corruption is a potential threat to the Party, the State and society. With the continuous disclosure of corruption cases, the Central Committee and the State, as well as the masses of the people, have given a high degree of attention to such incidents. Corruption is the abuse of the government's public power, and it can be said that the fundamental measures to curb corruption are not to punish, but to prevent and control corruption. The historical experience has shown that the most characteristic of all corruption and corrupt practices lies in the secrecy of its conduct. In reality, the non-openness of the government management system and the administrative act provides a means for the corrupt behavior of the corrupt. At the same time, in the present day of the information as an important resource, the administrative subject has a lot of information, and the administrative information is an important part of the legal administration and the rational administration. It is one of the important subjects of building the government of the rule of law and the society of the rule of law, and is an important channel and means of anti-corruption. From this background, we can see that the public information disclosure and the anti-corruption have the natural relation, the two interact, promote each other, carry out the administrative information publicity, let the power be exercised under the supervision of the people, can effectively prevent the power out of control, The decision-making error and the behavior anomie. Therefore, the public system of administrative information is the internal requirement of anti-corruption. However, the public information disclosure of our country is still in the initial stage, only the regulations on the public information of the government are in the current legal norm, and the government information disclosure regulations of our country are the administrative regulations, and the content is to be improved. The practical operability of the regulations is not strong, the scope of information disclosure is vague, it is hard to connect with other legal norms, the judicial relief form is the same, and the problems of the right to know and the right to privacy in the public information disclosure have not been solved. Therefore, the system of administrative information disclosure can not effectively play its function of inhibiting corruption and strengthening the construction of the clean and honest administration of the administrative subject. Therefore, the first part of this paper, based on the great background of the interaction between the public information disclosure and the anti-corruption and the anti-corruption, discusses the writing value and the guiding function of this paper in the light of the present situation of the research and the current situation of the legislation both at home and abroad. The second part mainly discusses the anti-corruption legal basis of the administrative information public system, which is the basic principle of the three administrative law, namely the right restriction power, the legitimacy of the procedure and the essential requirements of the administration by law. It also explains that the public system of administrative information has the function of restraining corruption, regulating the administrative act, ensuring the right to know and the supervision right of the opposite person, reducing the administrative cost, establishing the rule of law and the responsibility of the government. The third part draws on the practical experience of the foreign legal system, the prevention system of anti-corruption and the supervision mechanism, and summarizes the perfect legal system by comparing the domestic and foreign administrative information public system. The three anti-corruption patterns and the sound supervision mechanism have great realistic and theoretical significance to the process of anti-corruption in our country, and the fourth part is mainly from the legal norm and the administrative discretion, The paper analyzes the shortcomings of the present administrative information public system in the anti-corruption function in four aspects, such as the administrative procedure and the relief system, and analyzes the causes of the defect that the legal system is not sound, the open system is not smooth, and the operation system is not smooth. Because the main function of the system of administrative information disclosure is to prevent and punish corruption at the root of the system, the focus of this chapter is to bury the underlying pen for the legal path of building the governance corruption by analyzing the real-time loophole; the last chapter is combined with the current hot-spot, in the "three-public funds" and the "public participation in decision-making", Taking the "public service information" as the entry point, in combination with the newly promulgated Provisional Regulations on Real Estate Registration and the Interim Measures for the Criminal Procedure of Major Administrative Decision-making in Sichuan Province, in view of the national conditions of our country, from the three aspects of "employment", "to fix things" and "to spend money", a practical and practical proposal is put forward. And the above recommendations are fixed in the form of a law. in ord to strengthen that rule of law, the author hope that by establishing and perfecting the public system of administrative information to provide a legal path for the prevention and treatment of corruption, it is necessary to strengthen the restriction of administrative power, to guarantee the legitimacy of the administrative procedure to the purpose of promoting the administration of the law and to improve the credibility of the government, with a view to strengthening the country of the rule of law, The rule of law government and the construction of the rule of law society.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.1

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