农村土地“三权分置”的法理逻辑——从政策和法律双重视角切入

发布时间：2019-06-18 10:33

【摘要】：农村土地制度的改革的核心是土地的三权分置问题。土地的三权分置是一个实践中已经长期客观存在的法律事实,法律必须对此予以回应。集体所有权、承包权和经营权,如果从传统物权理论出发,则势必违反物权法定和一物一权的原则。现行学术界的讨论一定程度上混淆了政策概念和法律概念,混淆了权能概念和权利概念,纠结于是否增加新的用益物权类型"土地经营权",没有抓到"牛鼻子"。文本从事实(中国农村土地流转实践,功能主义)出发,从中央文件和现行法律体系(对实践大量调研基础上的中央政策和现行法律体系)出发,从经济、法律、历史、社会的综合视角出发,对于三权(事实上的四权:土地所有权、土地承包权、土地承包经营权、土地经营权)进行梳理,学术界目前主张的土地所有权→土地承包经营权→土地承包权+土地经营权的法理逻辑是不恰当的。而农村土地三权分置的内在逻辑应该是土地所有权→土地承包权→土地承包经营权(土地经营权仅为其权能)。并在此基础上提出农村土地三权分置的路径之选择。
[Abstract]:The core of the reform of the rural land system is the three-power split of the land. The three-right division of land is a legal fact that has long existed in practice, and the law must respond to it. The right of collective ownership, the right of contracting and the management of the right of operation, if from the traditional theory of real right, will violate the principle of the law of real right and the principle of one's one's right. The discussion of the current academic circles has confused the concept of the policy and the legal concept to some extent, confounded the concept of the power and the concept of the right, and the new "land management right" of usufructuary right is not caught, and the "a cow's nose" has not been caught. Starting from the facts (the practice and functionalism of the rural land circulation in China), the paper starts from the comprehensive view of economy, law, history and society from the perspective of the central documents and the existing legal system (the central policy and the existing legal system on the basis of large-scale research on practice). It is not appropriate to comb the right of land ownership, the right of land contracting, the right of land contracting and the legal logic of the right of land management for three rights (in fact, four rights: land ownership, land contract right, land contract management right and land management right). However, the internal logic of the non-tradable shares of the rural land should be the land ownership, the land contract right and the land contract management right (the land management right is only the power of the land). On the basis of this, the author puts forward the choice of the path of the three-power split in the rural land.
【作者单位】：中共中央党校政法部;
【基金】：国家社科基金青年项目“税收立法模式实证研究(1977-2015)”(15CFX050)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D922.32

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