完全代孕问题的法律规制研究

发布时间：2019-06-26 14:51

【摘要】：随着人类生殖辅助技术的发展,代孕已经成为一种非常成熟的生殖辅助技术,成功率比较高。2001年由卫生部制定的《人类辅助生殖技术管理办法》规定：禁止医疗机构和医务人员实施任何形式的代孕手术。由于规章的禁止,代孕不能在正规的医院实施,只能游离于法律之外的灰色地带。国内外对于代孕的态度主要有三种,第一种观点认为代孕有利于家庭的稳定、社会的和谐,理应合法化；第二种观点认为代孕违背伦理道德、违反公序良俗,应当予以禁止。第三种观点认为应当对代孕的类型进行细分,不应当“一刀切”的禁止或者同意所有类型的代孕。本文运用分析比较和案例分析的方法,对于完全代孕是否应当合法化进行充分地论证。笔者同意第三种观点,鉴于我国社会的大量需求并且完全代孕对社会不产生危害,笔者认为完全代孕应当合法化,同时禁止其他类型的代孕。本文正文共分为四部分,具体内容如下：第一部分,从代孕的概念和基本内涵入手,并对代孕进行分类,细化了代孕的基本类型。明确本文的主要研究对象是完全代孕,承认完全代孕的合法性,禁止局部代孕和捐胚代孕。第二部分,对国内外代孕的立法情况进行分析比较。如今很多国家已经放开代孕的限制,承认代孕合法化逐渐成为立法的主流,受国外先进代孕立法经验的启发。笔者认为,结合我国代孕立法方面的不足之处,承认代孕合法化将是我国在生育问题上的必要的选择。第三部分,通过对社会现实大量的代孕需求、保护代孕当事人以及减少拐卖儿童刑事犯罪这三方面进行分析,找到我国完全代孕合法化必要性的事实依据。基于完全代孕符合法理基础、符合伦理道德、保障当事人的生育权的分析,得出完全代孕合法化有理论依据。第四部分,对完全代孕合法化的具体法律规制问题进行充分的阐述,包括双方当事人签订代孕合同以及他们在合同中的权利义务,监管部门的责任,代孕子女及代孕母亲的法律地位,当事人双方在代孕过程中发生了争议的解决途径等。鉴于完全代孕符合我国的理论要求和公序良俗,在一定程度上促进了家庭的稳定和社会的和谐,所以有必要使其合法化,并制定相应的细则。
[Abstract]:With the development of human reproductive technology, surrogacy has become a very mature reproductive technology, and the success rate is high. As a result of the prohibition of the regulations, surrogacy cannot be carried out in a formal hospital and can only be free from the grey areas outside the law. There are three kinds of attitudes about surrogacy at home and abroad. The first point of view is that surrogacy is beneficial to the stability of the family and the harmony of the society should be legalized; the second point of view is that the surrogacy is contrary to the ethics and the public order and the good, and should be prohibited. The third point of view is that the type of surrogate should be subdivided, and it is not necessary to "One size fits all" or to agree to all types of surrogacy. In this paper, the method of analysis and comparison and case analysis is used to fully demonstrate whether the full-generation pregnancy should be legalized. The author agrees with the third view that, in view of the great demand of our society and the full generation of surrogacy to the society, the author thinks that the full-generation of surrogacy should be legalized and other types of surrogacy are prohibited. The text of this paper is divided into four parts, which are as follows: the first part, starting with the conception and the basic connotation of surrogacy, and classifying the surrogacy, and refining the basic type of surrogacy. It is clear that the main research object of this article is to be fully surrogacy, to recognize the legality of the full-generation of the pregnancy, to prohibit the partial pregnancy and to donate the embryo to surrogacy. In the second part, the legislation of surrogacy at home and abroad is analyzed and compared. Nowadays, many countries have released the restriction of surrogacy, and admitted that the legalization of surrogacy gradually became the main part of the legislation, and was inspired by the experience of foreign advanced surrogacy legislation. The author holds that, in combination with the deficiency of the legislation of surrogacy in our country, it is necessary to admit that the legalization of surrogacy will be the necessary choice for our country's reproductive problems. The third part analyses the three aspects of the social reality, the protection of the party of the surrogate and the reduction of the criminal offence of the child, and finds out the factual basis for the necessity of the legalization of the full-generation of the child in China. Based on the principle of full-generation of surrogacy, it is in accordance with the ethics and the analysis of the rights of the parties, and the theoretical basis for the legalization of the complete surrogacy is obtained. In the fourth part, the author fully expounds the specific legal regulation of the full-generation of surrogacy, including the signing of the surrogate contract by the parties and their rights and obligations in the contract, the responsibility of the supervision department, the child of the surrogate and the legal status of the surrogate mother, In the course of surrogacy, both parties have a dispute settlement way and so on. In view of the fact that the complete surrogacy is in accordance with the theoretical and public order of our country, the stability of the family and the harmony of the society are promoted to a certain extent, so it is necessary to legalize it and to formulate corresponding rules.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.16

【相似文献】