比例原则视角下地方环境行政规制合理化研究——以农作物秸秆禁烧为切入点

发布时间：2018-01-04 22:35

本文关键词：比例原则视角下地方环境行政规制合理化研究——以农作物秸秆禁烧为切入点　出处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2017年12期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：地方政府作为行政区划内环境质量的法定责任主体,其环境保护义务的有效履行与行政规则的合理化程度密切相关。然而现阶段以"农作物秸秆露天禁烧和综合利用"为代表的地方环境行政规制,普遍存在规制目的错位、规制手段单一、利益衡量片面等合理性欠缺的问题,不仅致使环境公共利益的缓慢增进、治理成本的高额投入与民众的热切期许难以协调,且环境行政规制自身的效能、效率、公平性等方面亦无法兼顾。探究地方环境行政规制合理化欠缺的症结,规制目的—手段的错位不容忽视。比例原则作为公法上普遍适用的重要原则之一强调规制目的与手段的理性平衡,其包含的妥当性、必要性、均衡性内涵分别从目的导向、实效导向、价值导向对行政权力的行使进行规范。借助主权性权力实施的地方政府环境行政规制行为,应将比例原则作为地方环境行政规制理念及制度设计的价值取向之一,方能扭转官僚群体目的理性约束下规制目的的形式正当导向、传统思维固化下规制手段的命令控制型偏好、行政权力主导下规制利益的衡量缺失。具体而言,首先明确生态环境质量监督管理责任,以动态的环境质量实效考察促使地方环境行政规制将维护环境公共利益作为规制目的正当性的唯一考量;其次从增进环境公共利益出发"多元因应"规制手段,将规制机关与被规制者在信息交流中达成的合意理性作为确定最小侵害手段的重要基础;最后实现地方环境行政规制的利益均衡,不仅强调社会整体利益与环境公共利益的均衡,更应通过公众参与的程序正当确保公平分配环境负担。
[Abstract]:The local government as the environmental quality of administrative divisions within the statutory responsibility, the obligation of environmental protection is closely related to the effective implementation of the rationalization degree and administrative rules. However, at this stage in order to "open and comprehensive utilization of crop straw Jinshao" as the representative of the local environmental administrative regulation, universal regulation regulation dislocation, means a single, one-sided measure of interest the problem of the lack of rationality, not only resulting in the environmental public interest slowly increase, eager expectations high input and public governance costs is difficult to coordinate, and environmental administrative regulation their effectiveness, efficiency, fairness and other aspects also can not take into account. The exploration of the local environmental administrative regulation rationalization lack the crux of the purpose of regulation means is not misplaced the principle of proportionality is ignored. The rational balance is one of the important principles of the public law on regulation of purpose and means, it includes properly When necessary, the connotation of equalization, respectively from the objective oriented, efficiency oriented, value oriented to regulate the exercise of administrative power. With the help of sovereign power to the implementation of local government environmental administrative regulation should be the principle of proportion as the local environmental administrative regulation system design idea and the value orientation of the party, to form reverse regulation objective to rational bureaucratic group under the constraint of proper orientation, traditional thinking curing means to regulate the command and control of administrative power under the guidance of preference, the lack of regulation of interest measure. Specifically, the first clear ecological environment quality supervision and management responsibilities to the environment quality of the actual investigation prompted the local environmental administrative regulation to protect environmental public interest as only consider the purpose of regulation of legitimacy; secondly improve environmental public interests "for multiple" means of regulation, regulatory agencies and will be regulated Rational consensus reached in the system of information communication as an important basis for determining the minimum infringement means; finally to achieve balance of interests of local environmental administrative regulation, not only emphasizes the interests of the whole society and environment public interests should be balanced, through public participation in the proper procedures to ensure fair distribution of the burden on the environment.

【作者单位】：中南财经政法大学法学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“环境法律主体研究”(批准号:10JJD820006)
【分类号】：D922.68
【正文快照】： 近年来因“雾霾”危害凸显秸秆焚烧再次受到广泛关注,各地政府均积极从事秸秆禁烧规制。然而此态势下露天焚烧秸秆的行为仍屡禁不止,更有农民因此而被行政拘留[1]。长期的治理投入、农民对禁烧措施的激烈反应、环境质量的缓慢改善等合理性欠缺表征集中暴露出地方环境行政规制

【相似文献】