辽宁省玉米生产成本变动及影响因素分析

发布时间：2018-03-04 01:36

  本文选题：玉米　切入点：生产成本变动　出处：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：玉米是我国三大粮食作物之一,它既包含着丰富的食用价值同时也具有很高的经济价值,辽宁省作为我国重要的玉米生产基地,近年来玉米的产量不断攀升。但随着物价的上涨以及耕地的减少导致辽宁省玉米的生产成本在持续上涨,这就直接影响到了农民种植玉米的经济效益,必将降低农户种植玉米的积极性。因此本文希望通过对辽宁省玉米生产成本的变动情况及其影响因素的研究,提出保持辽宁省玉米种植业健康发展,提高农民经济效益的合理建议。首先本文对辽宁省玉米生产成本的变动情况做出了分析,从数值和结构两个角度进行了解读,发现在数量上玉米的生产成本在持续增加,生产成本的增速分为了稳定增加、回落、急速上升和持续降低四个阶段。从生产成本的组成结构上来看,物质与服务费用和土地成本的比例在下降而人工成本的比例在增加。然后将辽宁省的玉米生产成本情况与全国平均水平和东北其他两省进行对比分析,发现相比之下辽宁省存在玉米生产成本偏高的问题,人工费用增加明显。研究结果进一步表明,玉米种植规模、机械投入量、有效灌溉面积、化肥使用量和人工投入量对玉米生产成本的变动有着显著的关系,其中机械投入量、化肥使用量和人工投入量呈现正相关性,化肥使用量代表生产资料的投入量,人工投入量代表人力成本,合理控制这两项的投入可以降低玉米的生产成本。玉米种植规模和有效灌溉面积呈现负相关性,提高这两项的水平也可以减少辽宁省玉米的生产成本。最后根据本文的研究结果,为实现降低辽宁省玉米生产成本的目标,提出了以下几点建议:增加科技投入,提高农业生产科技水平;提高农业机械化作业水平,降低人力成本;扩大土地经营规模,完善土地流转制度,增强农户土地经营意愿;合理规划玉米种植布局,发挥各地区优势。
[Abstract]:Corn is one of the three major food crops in our country. It not only contains rich edible value but also has high economic value. Liaoning Province is an important corn production base in China. In recent years, corn production has been rising. However, with the increase of prices and the decrease of cultivated land, the cost of maize production in Liaoning Province continues to rise, which has a direct impact on the economic benefits of farmers planting corn. Therefore, this paper hopes to study the change of corn production cost and its influencing factors in Liaoning Province, and propose to maintain the healthy development of maize planting industry in Liaoning Province. Firstly, this paper analyzes the change of maize production cost in Liaoning Province, and explains it from two aspects of value and structure, and finds that the production cost of maize is increasing continuously in quantity. The growth rate of production costs has been divided into four stages: steady increase, fall back, rapid rise and continuous decrease. From the point of view of the composition of production cost, The ratio of material to service cost and land cost is decreasing, while the proportion of labor cost is increasing. Then, the situation of corn production cost in Liaoning Province is compared with the national average level and the other two provinces in Northeast China. It is found that the cost of maize production in Liaoning Province is higher than that in Liaoning Province, and the labor cost increases obviously. The results further show that the scale of maize planting, the amount of machinery input, the effective irrigated area, There was a significant relationship between the amount of chemical fertilizer and the amount of artificial input, in which the amount of mechanical input, the amount of chemical fertilizer and the amount of artificial input were positively correlated, and the amount of chemical fertilizer used represented the input amount of the means of production. The labor input represents the labor cost, and the reasonable control of these two inputs can reduce the production cost of corn. The scale of maize planting and the effective irrigation area show a negative correlation. Raising the level of these two items can also reduce the production cost of corn in Liaoning Province. Finally, according to the research results of this paper, in order to achieve the goal of reducing the production cost of maize in Liaoning Province, the following suggestions are put forward: increasing the input of science and technology, Raising the level of agricultural production science and technology, raising the level of agricultural mechanization, reducing labor costs, expanding the scale of land management, perfecting the land circulation system, strengthening farmers' willingness to manage land, rationally planning the layout of maize planting, Give full play to the advantages of various regions.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F326.11
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本文编号：1563610