基于遗传算法的建筑节能多目标优化

发布时间：2018-04-14 09:03

本文选题：建筑节能 + 热舒适　；参考：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着能源危机与环境问题的日益凸显,节约能源越来越受到全球的关注,成为世界环境发展的重要议题。一方面,建筑能耗是我国能源消耗的重要方面,同时建筑能耗的总量也在不断上升,成为我国国民经济的巨大负担,所以,建筑节能工作刻不容缓。另一方面,随着经济的发展、生活水平的提高,我国的人居环境、办公环境也都获得了较大的改善,对室内热环境和室内空气品质的要求也更加严格。但是,建立好的室内热环境,又需要通过空调来实现,从而使得建筑节能率降低。因此本文从既降低空调能耗又提高舒适度的观念进行研究和探索。本论文的研究方法及内容如下:首先,通过阅读建筑节能及热舒适等相关文献,总结影响建筑能耗的主要因素,包括围护结构性能、建筑体形系数、建筑朝向、围护结构性能等。其中围护结构的性能是建筑节能的一个重要影响因素,也是人体与环境不停地进行能量交换的影响热舒适性较大的因素,建筑能耗与热舒适的主要影响因素,因此,对建筑围护结构的影响展开深入研究。第二,在理论研究和前人对建筑节能和热舒适研究的基础上,总结建筑能耗与围护结构之间,热舒适与围护结构之间的函数关系。考虑围护成本的前提下,用遗传算法进行多目标优化研究。第三,总结多目标优化理论和遗传算法原理,选择建筑外墙和外窗的传热系数作为优化变量,以实现建筑能耗和围护成本较低,热舒适性较好为目标,建立优化模型,并应用MATLAB编制进行优化程序的编写和优化目的的实现。最后,以实际工程项目为依托,进行优化程序的实际应用。选择寒冷地区的一个项目进行应用程序分析,得出建筑设计中外墙和外窗的设计参考值,使得建筑耗热量和围护成本相对较低,而室内热舒适度相对较好。同样的对夏热冬暖地区的一个项目进行分析,优化,提供出使得耗电量和围护成本较低,室内热舒适度较好的东、南、西、北外墙的传热系数设计参考值。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly prominent energy crisis and environmental problems, energy conservation has attracted more and more global attention and become an important topic of environmental development in the world.On the one hand, building energy consumption is an important aspect of energy consumption in China, at the same time, the total building energy consumption is also rising, become a huge burden of our national economy, therefore, building energy saving work is urgent.On the other hand, with the development of economy and the improvement of living standard, the living environment and office environment of our country have been greatly improved, and the requirements of indoor thermal environment and indoor air quality are more strict.However, the establishment of a good indoor thermal environment, but also through air conditioning to achieve, so as to reduce the building energy saving rate.Therefore, this paper from the air-conditioning energy consumption and improve the comfort of the concept of research and exploration.The research methods and contents of this thesis are as follows: firstly, by reading the related documents, such as building energy saving and thermal comfort, the main factors affecting building energy consumption are summarized, including the performance of enclosure structure, building shape coefficient, building orientation, etc.Performance of enclosure structure, etc.The performance of envelope structure is an important influence factor of building energy saving, and also the factor of energy exchange between human body and environment, and the main influence factor of building energy consumption and thermal comfort.The influence of building enclosure structure is studied deeply.Secondly, on the basis of theoretical research and previous researches on building energy conservation and thermal comfort, the functional relationship between building energy consumption and envelope structure, thermal comfort and enclosure structure is summarized.Considering the cost of enclosure, genetic algorithm is used to study multi-objective optimization.Thirdly, the multi-objective optimization theory and genetic algorithm principle are summarized, and the heat transfer coefficient of exterior wall and window is selected as the optimization variable. The optimization model is established with the goal of lower building energy consumption and better thermal comfort.The optimization program is compiled by MATLAB and the purpose of optimization is realized.Finally, based on the actual project, the practical application of optimization program is carried out.A project in cold area is selected for application program analysis, and the design reference value of exterior wall and exterior window in architectural design is obtained, which makes the cost of building heat consumption and enclosure relatively low, and the indoor thermal comfort is relatively good.In the same way, a project in hot summer and warm winter area is analyzed and optimized to provide the design reference value of heat transfer coefficient of east, south, west and north exterior walls, which makes power consumption and enclosure cost lower and indoor thermal comfort better.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU201.5

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