面向协同的工程项目成本信息模型与应用

发布时间：2018-10-05 06:34

【摘要】：针对工程项目普遍的成本超支现象，本文通过整理成本管理中造成估算成本和实际成本偏差的原因，运用战略成本管理和协同学理论的基本思想，解释了成本偏差的分布规律及其演化特点，构建了基于成本效益原则的工程成本信息协同理论。本文根据面向对象的建筑信息分类标准，利用底层建筑信息明确了建筑设计信息到施工信息的转换方法和原则，从而为利用BIM技术计算工程成本管理协同性奠定了基础。面向协同的工程成本信息模型为项目管理人员建立了全寿命周期内快速成本核算和成本控制基础理论方法，有助于降低成本风险，提高成本管理的协作水平。工程项目成本信息的协同过程是项目管理人员对价值链上活动通过选择投入与效益产出间的最优方案的不断优化成本管理方案最终达到稳态的过程。项目的成本管理活动构成了成本管理的投入，成本风险性的降低构成了效益产出。管理投入与成本风险构成的稳态均衡状态，是工程项目成本协同的体现。对于成本管理的投入可以通过计算是各项管理活动投入的总和实现，，因此本文重点研究了成本管理的效益产出。本文选用成本偏差的波动分布在一定置信度下的置信成本作为成本风险的度量，以保证成本风险形成的效益值是稳定性。成本偏差的波动分布形式可以用幂律正态组合分布表示，从这个分布中可以看出引起工程项目成本波动的因素分为幂律性、正态性和偏移性三个方面的特征。通过分析幂律性、正态性和偏移性的特征，本文提出了成本波动函数的计算方法，进而推导出了成本管理效益值。本文利用OmniClass建筑分类体系中建筑元素、工作结果和建筑产品的分类方法，提出了利用BIM技术共享设计过程和建筑过程中成本信息的流程方法。结合建筑信息发展深度理论，本文在建筑信息互通的情况下，可以计算项目任一阶段，任一建筑信息发展深度的工程项目正态性波动及其估算成本的期望。这在预测项目前期的成本波动具有重要意义。为了验证本文研究方法的正确性，本文采用了Revit和小别墅案例，进行了工程成本协同度的计算。从设计深度确定，到建筑信息分解，正态性方差的拟合过程是完全有效的。成本效益原则下，工程成本协同过程能够找到稳定的最小值，此时成本管理的投入等于相应置信度下的置信成本。事实证明，协同情况下，成本超支是普遍的，只不过超支是在合理的投入下，可控有序的成本超支现象。
[Abstract]:In view of the common cost overruns in engineering projects, this paper applies the basic ideas of strategic cost management and synergetic theory through sorting out the causes of the deviation between the estimated cost and the actual cost in the cost management. The distribution law of cost deviation and its evolution characteristics are explained, and the cooperative theory of engineering cost information based on cost-benefit principle is constructed. According to the object-oriented classification standard of building information, this paper clarifies the conversion method and principle of building design information to construction information by using the bottom building information, thus laying a foundation for using BIM technology to calculate the synergy of engineering cost management. The collaborative engineering cost information model establishes the basic theory method of rapid cost accounting and cost control in the whole life cycle for project managers, which is helpful to reduce the cost risk and improve the cooperation level of cost management. The collaborative process of engineering project cost information is the process that project managers reach steady state by choosing the optimal cost management scheme between input and benefit output. The cost management activity of the project constitutes the input of cost management, and the reduction of the cost risk constitutes the benefit output. The steady equilibrium state of management input and cost risk is the embodiment of project cost coordination. The input of cost management can be calculated as the sum of the inputs of various management activities, so this paper focuses on the study of the benefit output of cost management. In this paper, the confidence cost of the fluctuation distribution of cost deviation under certain confidence degree is chosen as the measure of cost risk, so as to ensure that the benefit value of cost risk formation is stable. The fluctuation distribution form of cost deviation can be expressed by power law normal combination distribution. From this distribution, we can see that the factors that cause the project cost fluctuation can be divided into three aspects: power law, normality and deviation. By analyzing the characteristics of power law, normality and deviation, this paper puts forward a method to calculate the cost fluctuation function, and then deduces the value of cost management benefit. In this paper, using the classification method of building elements, working results and building products in OmniClass architecture classification system, a process method of sharing design process and construction cost information by using BIM technology is put forward. Based on the theory of development depth of building information, this paper can calculate the normal fluctuation and the expectation of the estimated cost of any construction information development depth in any stage of the project under the condition of building information interworking. It is of great significance to predict the cost fluctuation in the early stage of the project. In order to verify the correctness of the research method, Revit and villa cases are used to calculate the project cost synergy. The fitting process of normal variance from design depth determination to architectural information decomposition is completely effective. Under the principle of cost benefit, the project cost cooperation process can find the stable minimum value, where the input of cost management is equal to the confidence cost under the corresponding confidence level. It has been proved that cost overruns are common in synergy, but cost overruns are controlled and ordered under reasonable input.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU723.3;TU17

【参考文献】