中国政策变形现象之探究

发布时间：2018-01-16 09:17

本文关键词：中国政策变形现象之探究　出处：《天津大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

更多相关文章： 政策变形 潜规则 自利性 政策柔性

【摘要】：政策变形是我国当前公共管理政策过程中存在的一个普遍现象。可以分为合理的政策变形和不合理的政策变形。不合理的政策变形是指下级或基层的政策执行者为了个人、部门或地区的利益，而采取各种手段对付上级政策，使政策效果偏离甚至背离政策初衷。因此，有必要研究如何控制不合理的政策变形行为。首先，，不合理的政策变形体现在政策的四个构成因素——政策目标、政策的指导思想及基本原则、政策工具、政策界限的被变形上，主要有“上有政策、下有对策”、“土政策”等具体表现形式。其次，政策变形有其发生的基础和条件，政治体制方面，“中央—地方”的单一制导致权力配置和财政分配矛盾、“官本位”引致隐权力；个人理性角度，对利益的追求和自利性以及利益矛盾引发的政策主体之间的博弈；政策过程因素方面，政策空间预留、自由裁量权、政策监控机制的缺位。上述都是不合理的政策变形发生的条件，而政策变形的持续存在且趋于固化则源于非正式制度对正式制度的介入以及潜规则依附正式规则发挥作用等。最后，想要完全消灭不合理的政策变形不是一朝一夕就能完成的任务，我们无法消除政策变形的过程中各因素的负面作用，只能加以控制，主要可以从以下两大方面提出现阶段实际可行的方法：改革决策体制，适度分权，应该向基层放权、向社会放权；政策过程中各环节的控制，包括规范政策制定细节，合理控制政策的柔性和刚性；限制自由裁量权，规范裁量范围和权责机制；建立全面的人大监督、司法监督、内部监督和社会监督相互独立的监督机制。
[Abstract]:The policy of deformation has a common phenomenon is China's current public management policy. In the process of deformation can be divided into reasonable policies and unreasonable policy distortion. Unreasonable policy deformation refers to the subordinate or grassroots policy implementation to individuals, departments or regions of interest, and take various measures to deal with the policy. The effects of policies deviate even deviate from the original intention of the policy. Therefore, it is necessary to study how to control the unreasonable policy deformation behavior.
First of all, unreasonable policy deformation is reflected in four factors: policy policy objectives, guiding ideology and basic principles, policy tools, policy boundaries are deformed, there are "policies, under the measures," local policies "and other specific forms. Secondly, policy based deformation and the conditions of its occurrence, the political system," unitary central government "leads to power allocation and financial allocation conflict, the" official standard "caused by the hidden power; individual rationality perspective, the game between the lead to the pursuit of interests and self-interest and conflict of interest policy subject; policy process, policy space reserved, discretion, lack of policy monitoring mechanism. All of the above is not a reasonable policy deformation conditions, and the continued existence of policy deformation and tends to be cured is derived from the informal system of formal system The intervention as well as the unspoken rule attached to formal rules to play the role. Finally, want to completely eliminate the unreasonable policy deformation is not a short duration of time to complete the task, we can not eliminate the negative factors in the process of policy distortion, can only be controlled and can be provided for the practical stage from the following two aspects: the reform of decision making system, moderate decentralization to the grassroots, should decentralization, decentralization to the community; control of each link in the policy process, including the standard policy details, the reasonable control policy of flexible and rigid; limitation of discretion, discretion standard and responsibility mechanism; the establishment of the people's Congress Supervision, comprehensive judicial supervision, supervision and internal supervision mechanism social supervision and independent of each other.

【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D630

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