我国农村非政府组织发展探析

发布时间：2018-03-09 04:25

本文选题：农村非政府组织　切入点：问题　出处：《河北师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：如今我们通常认为农村非政府组织可以协助政府组织，为政府组织提供公共产品，为农民提供公共服务。农村非政府组织由人民自发组织建立，目的是服务社会，或者是为大众谋福利，而不以盈利为目的，带有公益性质。20世纪80年代以来，我国的农村非政府组织开始发展起来，有些组织受到农民的热烈欢迎，有些却始终走不进人们的视线，最终不得不解体。虽然农村非政府组织为缩小贫富差距，城乡差距，统筹城乡发展做出了不可磨灭的贡献，但是，我们必须正视在农村非政府组织的发展过程中出现的问题，本文就是对农村非政府组织在发展过程中遇到的问题进行全面的、系统的分析研究，试图找到解决问题的办法。本文以促进我国农村非政府组织的发展为核心，分别从以下四个方面展开讨论：第一部分讲述了我国农村非政府组织是怎样兴起与发展的。首先阐释了农村非政府组织的定义，即农村非政府组织是指由农民自发组织并志愿加入的，致力于对农村公共产品和服务的提供以促进农村社会发展的一切非政府的、非赢利性的合法组织。由于我国农村经济发展需要、政治改革需要、农民自主意识发生变化等原因，农村非政府组织在20世纪80年代以后开始重新建立，大约十年间便得到了蓬勃发展。这些组织在发展过程中呈现出如下特点：第一，适应时代发展的脚步，农村非政府组织的发展速度异常迅猛；第二，发展不平衡，主要体现在一些大中城市的农村分布较多，而小城市的农村仍分布很少；第三，自主性逐渐增强，对外界依靠性减弱。本部分最后简述了农村非政府组织这些年发展所取得的成效：尤其在改革开放以后，各项政策的实施为农村非政府组织的发展提供了良好的环境，使其得到了蓬勃发展，这些农民组织不但促进了农村的政治文明建设，，还促进了农村的经济发展，而这些又在一定程度上提高了农民素质，并帮助农村养老保障制度的实施，使其落到了实处。第二部分主要描述了我国农村非政府组织发展中取得了哪些成效，并阐述了发展过程中存在的问题及产生这些问题的原因。我国农村非政府组织的发展主要存在以下几个问题：第一是资源配置不足；第二是农村非政府组织在法律上的地位模糊，得不到法律的保障，不仅会使农村非政府组织在行使职能时不能全身心地投入，影响其社会公共管理事务的职能发挥，而且阻碍了组织自身的建设和发展；第三是农村非政府组织公信力的缺乏；第四是农村非政府组织缺乏稳定性，农村非政府组织的成员几乎是零门槛加入的，离开组织也是完全自愿的，因此组织必然缺乏稳定性；第五是农村非政府组织与所属乡镇的政府部门存在冲突，这冲突首先是可供使用的物质和资金的冲突，再有是组织内部管理与乡镇政府部门对其管理存在冲突。第三部分详细阐述了制约我国农村非政府组织发展的因素。一方面，农村非政府组织缺乏国家法律的支持，而现在的社会各界对农村非政府组织这一新生事物认识尚浅，亦未达成正确共识，所以有时这些非政府组织不受认可也是可以理解的。另外一个很重要的方面是：农村非政府组织中的成员，从管理者到实施者，大多都是农民，而这些农民的文化水平不是很高，思想观念也比较陈旧，这导致组织的发展举步维艰。这一外一内两个方面决定了我国农村非政府组织发展的路途是坎坷的。第四部分提出几点对我国农村非政府组织发展有益的对策。大意是:首先，从外部环境下手，给予农村非政府组织法律上的支持；其次，组织内部要加强建设，不管是知识观念等精神文明建设，还是监督管理机制等政治文明建设。
[Abstract]:Now we usually think of rural non governmental organizations can help the government organization, providing the public product for the government organization, to provide public services for farmers. The rural non governmental organizations established by the people's organizations, the purpose is to serve the society, or for the benefit of all, and not to profit for the purpose, with the public nature of the.20 century since 80s. China's rural non-governmental organizations began to develop, welcome some organizations by the farmers, but some do not always go into people's sight, eventually had to collapse. Although rural non governmental organizations to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor, the gap between urban and rural areas, has made an indelible contribution, but the urban and rural development, we must face in the development the process of rural non government organizations in the problem, this paper is on the rural non governmental organizations, the problems encountered in the development process to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the system. Try to find a solution to the problem.
In order to promote the development of rural non-governmental organizations in China as the core, this paper discusses the following four aspects:
The first part is about the rural non governmental organization is how to rise and development. Firstly explains the definition of rural non governmental organizations, namely rural non government organization refers to the farmers organize and volunteer, is committed to providing for rural public products and services to promote the development of rural society all non government. The nonprofit legal organization. Due to the need of China's rural economic development, political reform, farmers consciousness changes, rural non government organization in 1980s after the start, about ten years will flourish. These organizations showed the following characteristics in the development process: first, adapt to the development of the times the pace of development, the speed of the rural non-governmental organizations rapidly; second, unbalanced development, mainly reflected in the more rural distribution of some large and medium-sized city and small city. The rural areas are still rarely distributed; third, autonomy gradually increased, to rely on external weakened. The last part introduces the rural non governmental organizations, these years of development achievements, especially in the reform and opening up, the implementation of the policy to provide a good environment for the development of rural non government organization, so it has been to flourish, these farmer organizations not only to promote the political civilization construction in rural areas, but also promote the economic development of rural areas, which to some extent to improve the quality of farmers, and help the implementation of the rural old-age security system to implement.
The second part mainly describes China's rural non governmental organizations in the development of what results achieved, and expounds the problems in the development process and the causes of these problems. The development of rural non governmental organizations in our country mainly has the following problems: the first is the allocation of resources is not enough; the second is the status of the rural non-governmental organizations in the legal the fuzzy, lack of legal protection, will not only make the rural non governmental organizations cannot devote in the exercise of their functions, the influence of social public management affairs, and hinder the organization's construction and development; third is the lack of credibility of the rural non governmental organizations; fourth is the rural non governmental organizations the lack of stability, the members of the rural non-governmental organizations is almost zero threshold to join, leave the organization is entirely voluntary, so the organization is the inevitable lack of stability; Fifth There is a conflict between the rural NGO and the government departments in the township. The conflict is firstly the conflict between material and capital that can be used, and the other is the conflict between the internal management of the organization and the management of the township government.
The third part elaborates the factors restricting China's rural non government organization development. On the one hand, rural non governmental organizations, the lack of national legal support, and now the community of rural non governmental organizations, this new understanding is shallow, also did not have a correct understanding, so sometimes these NGOs can also not recognized understand. Another important aspect is that members of non government organizations in the rural areas, from managers to implement, mostly farmers, these farmers' cultural level is not very high, ideas are relatively old, which leads to difficult organization. The inner and outer aspects of decision two China's Rural NGOs development road is bumpy.
The fourth part puts forward some countermeasures for China's rural development of non government organizations. The effect is good: first, start from the external environment, give Rural NGOs legal support; secondly, the organization should strengthen the construction, whether the knowledge concept of spiritual civilization construction, construction supervision or management mechanism of political civilization.

【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D632.9

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