我国商事登记制度改革问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 22:02

本文选题：商事登记制度改革　切入点：改革模式　出处：《山东农业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：商事登记是指登记机关根据商主体申请,为确认其商事主体资格或对商业经营事项进行有关商事主体设立、变更或终止的登记制度(福州市工商局课题组,2013)。随着社会主义市场经济的深入发展,我国的商事登记制度也暴露出了一些问题,如立法分散,过于强调公权力而忽视公民的私权利,政府行政行为显僵化保守、责权不清、工作效率低下,对企业而言存在准入门槛高、准入制度设计繁琐复杂、商事登记成本过高过重等。由于政府管制过多过强,已影响了市场经济灵活高效的发展要求。我国商事登记制度存在关键问题的根源是政府公权力与登记主体私权利平衡发展机制没有建立、政府登记主管机关职能定位不合理、登记立法还不完善等,已经不适应我国经济发展要求和市场主体发展的内在需求。解决这一问题的关键是登记机关找准管理定位,合理界定登记工作职权范围;以登记立法的完善来保障市场经济的规范和审查制度的建立。在以政府作为承担市场主体准入职责的管理职能与市场配置资源功能的合理界定的基础上,借鉴新公共管理理论构建新型政府与市场准入关系重新理性设计制度实现制度变化,政府转变行政管理理念,合理界定管理职能,明确登记机关的监督指导管理职能,在重视维护私权的基础上整理和制定相关登记法规,重视发挥市场主体自治作用,这样才能消除政府与市场之间的不平衡状态,实现理性的制度建构。基于改革和完善我国的商事登记制度的目的,2013年,我国商事登记改革工作被正式列入《国务院机构改革和职能转变方案》。该方案中规定:“对按照法律、行政法规和国务院决定需要取得前置许可的事项,除涉及国家安全、公民生命财产安全等外,不再实行先主管部门审批、再工商登记的制度,商事主体向工商部门申请登记,取得营业执照后即可从事一般生产经营活动;对从事需要许可的生产经营活动,持营业执照和有关材料向主管部门申请许可。将注册资本实缴登记制改为认缴登记制,并放宽工商登记其他条件。”加快政府职能转变,创新政府监管方式,建立公平、开放、透明的市场规则,保障创业创新。在此之前,以深圳为代表的典型地区已纷纷开展了商事登记改革的探索和尝试,本文从商事登记制度的渊源及其产生的原因出发,参照国外的商事登记经验,以研究我国部分典型地区的商事登记改革实践模式为基础,比照我所在的山东省泰安市泰山区商事改革现状和存在的困境,为进一步推进我国商事登记制度的改革提供一种参考意见,以促成商事登记制度能够更好地为市场经济服务、为市场主体服务为目的。
[Abstract]:Commercial registration refers to the establishment by the registration authority, on the application of the commercial subject, of the relevant commercial subject in order to confirm the qualifications of its commercial subject or to carry out the relevant business transactions, With the further development of the socialist market economy, the commercial registration system of our country has also exposed some problems, such as the decentralization of legislation, Too much emphasis on public power while neglecting the private rights of citizens, the government's administrative behavior is rigid and conservative, the responsibility is unclear, the work efficiency is low, the entry threshold is high for enterprises, and the design of access system is cumbersome and complicated. The cost of commercial registration is too high and too heavy. The key problems in the commercial registration system of our country are that the balanced development mechanism between the government public power and the private rights of the main body of registration has not been established, and the functional orientation of the government registration authority is unreasonable. The registration legislation is not perfect, which can not meet the needs of the economic development and the development of the main body of the market. The key to solve this problem is to find the correct management position of the registration organ, and to define the scope of the registration work reasonably. On the basis of the reasonable definition of the management function of the government as the main body of the market and the function of allocating the resources of the market, the establishment of the norm and the examination system of the market economy is ensured by the perfection of the registration legislation. Drawing lessons from the new public management theory to construct a new type of government and market access relationship re-rational design system to realize the system change, the government changes the administrative management idea, reasonably defines the management function, clarifies the registration organ's supervision guidance management function. In order to eliminate the imbalance between the government and the market, we should sort out and formulate relevant registration laws and regulations on the basis of maintaining private rights, and give full play to the autonomous role of the market subject, so as to eliminate the imbalance between the government and the market. Based on the purpose of reforming and perfecting the commercial registration system of our country, in 2013, the reform of commercial registration in our country was formally included in the Plan of Institutional Reform and functional Transformation of the State Council, which stipulates: "in accordance with the law, Administrative regulations and decisions of the State Council on matters requiring prior permission shall, except for matters relating to national security, the safety of citizens' lives and property, and so on, no longer implement the system of examination and approval by the competent department before industrial and commercial registration, and the commercial subject shall apply to the industrial and commercial department for registration. After obtaining a business license, he may engage in general production and business operations; apply for permission to the competent department with a business license and relevant materials to engage in production and business operations that require a license; and change the registration system of registered capital payment into a subscription registration system. And relax other conditions for industrial and commercial registration... "accelerate the transformation of government functions, innovate government supervision, establish fair, open and transparent market rules, and ensure entrepreneurial innovation." The typical areas represented by Shenzhen have carried out the exploration and attempt of commercial registration reform one after another. This paper starts from the origin of commercial registration system and its causes, and refers to the experience of foreign commercial registration. Based on the study of the practice mode of commercial registration reform in some typical areas of our country, this paper compares the present situation and predicament of the commercial reform in Taishan District of Taian City, Shandong Province, where I live. In order to promote the reform of commercial registration system in our country, the author provides a reference for the purpose of promoting the commercial registration system to serve the market economy and the market subject better.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F203.9

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