当代中国政府机构改革有效路径分析

发布时间：2018-04-27 17:52

本文选题：机构改革 + 现实问题　；参考：《南昌大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,中国的政府机构在经济社会迅速发展的形势倒逼下启动了改革进程,并在自我摸索中缓慢推进。随着中共十八大的召开,新一轮政府机构改革再次启动,改革如何推进,吸引各界关注。本文对政府机构改革的有效路径进行了一些思考和研究。首先,对马克思主义经典论述中有关政府机构设置和改革的观点进行了梳理,包括马克思的建设“廉价政府”、毛泽东的“精兵简政”和邓小平“精简机构是一场革命”的观点。在此基础上,简要归纳了西方官僚制、新公共管理和整体政府等主要理论,通过中西方政府改革思想的比较,寻求一些借鉴和启示。然后,简要回顾了改革开放以来历次政府机构改革的主要成效,并认真思考了仍然存在的问题和不足,包括顶层设计不足、缺乏制度保障、转变政府职能还未到位、忽视社会管理职能、机构改革仍然囿于行政体制限制等。接下来,深入剖析了当前政府机构设置和运转中面临的现实问题,包括法治内核形式化、政府权力部门化、临时机构长期化、公共权力私人化、行政运行“碎片化”和大部制概念简单化等。最后,重点分析了政府机构改革的价值取向,并提出实现的有效路径。包括必须因地制宜,不同层级的政府机构设置应符合实际需要,不同地域的行政机构设置应体现地方特色；厘清政府、市场和社会的关系,从深化行政审批制度改革入手,增强社会组织的活力,推行公共服务市场化；注重内涵式改革,建立决策、执行与监督相互制约和协调的机制,优化政府组织结构和运行程序,提高工作效率和公共服务质量；严格控制人员编制,确保公务员编制总量可控,科学管理人员编制,建立灵活的用人机制,出台法律；把握改革策略,走渐进式改革之路,以调整利益增量为主,实施综合配套改革；完善制度,为机构改革提供保障。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, Chinese government agencies have started the reform process under the circumstance of rapid economic and social development, and pushed forward slowly in self-groping. With the convening of the 18th CPC National Congress, a new round of government reform has been launched again. This article has carried on some thinking and the research to the government organization reform effective path. First of all, it combs the views on the establishment and reform of government institutions in the classical discourse of Marxism, including the construction of "cheap government" by Marx. Mao Zedong's "refined and simplified government" and Deng Xiaoping "streamlined organization is a revolution" view. On this basis, this paper briefly summarizes the main theories of bureaucracy, new public management and overall government in the West, and through the comparison of Chinese and Western government reform thoughts, seeks some lessons and enlightenment. Then, it briefly reviews the main achievements of the previous reform of government institutions since the reform and opening up, and seriously considers the problems and shortcomings that still exist, including inadequate design at the top level, lack of system protection, and the transformation of government functions. Ignore the function of social management, the institutional reform is still limited by the administrative system and so on. Then, the paper deeply analyzes the practical problems in the establishment and operation of government institutions, including the formalization of the core of the rule of law, the division of government power, the long-term transition of temporary institutions, and the privatization of public power. "fragmentation" of administrative operation and simplification of the concept of "large part system". Finally, the paper analyzes the value orientation of government organization reform and puts forward the effective way to realize it. Including the need to adapt measures to local conditions, the setting up of government agencies at different levels should meet the actual needs, and the setting up of administrative agencies in different regions should reflect local characteristics, clarify the relationship between the government, the market and society, and begin with the deepening of the reform of the administrative examination and approval system. Strengthen the vitality of social organizations, promote the marketization of public services, pay attention to the reform of connotation, establish the mechanism of mutual restriction and coordination of decision-making, implement and supervise each other, optimize the organizational structure and operating procedures of the government, improve the efficiency of work and the quality of public service; Strictly control the establishment of personnel, ensure that the total number of civil servants can be controlled, scientific management personnel establishment, establish a flexible employment mechanism, issue laws, grasp the reform strategy, take the path of gradual reform, to adjust the increase in interest, To implement comprehensive reform and improve the system to provide protection for institutional reform.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D630

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