我国小额诉讼程序运行状况及其问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 07:26

本文选题：小额诉讼程序 + 运行现状　；参考：《河北大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济的飞速发展,为了解决人们日益增长的法律维权意识和有限的司法资源之间的矛盾,世界上很多国家或地区都在民事法律中设立了小额诉讼程序。2013年小额诉讼程序正式进入司法实践。2015年出台的《最高人民法院关于适用中华人民共和国民事诉讼法的解释》,在简易程序中专设小额诉讼程序一章,为小额诉讼程序提供了比较完备的法律依据。目前,全国各地基层法院都在积极适用小额诉讼程序审理小额案件。虽然在实施的过程中有很多成效,但是也出现了一些问题,小额诉讼程序还有待完善。本文对小额诉讼程序的概念和特点加以分析,并介绍其有关的法律及司法解释规定。明确小额诉讼程序适用于标的额小、案情简单的民事案件,明确小额诉讼程序的功能在于节约诉讼成本、提高诉讼效率。本文以我国一些比较典型的基层法院为考察对象,对小额诉讼程序的实施现状及效果进行了总结。小额诉讼程序在运行过程中出现一些问题。在立法方面,小额诉讼程序存在着标的额划分不科学、未设置专门的审判机构以及当事人救济途径不健全等问题。在司法实践方面,小额诉讼程序存在适用率低、送达困难等问题。小额诉讼程序的完善应该立足于我国的基本国情,在基层法院实施成效的基础上进行总结分析,借鉴各方面的成熟经验。在立法方面,因地制宜地设定小额诉讼的标的额,设置专门的小额诉讼机构,对一审终审采取一些救济措施等。在司法实践方面,加强法官与当事人之间的交流,完善相关的绩效考核制度,规范审理程序,进一步优化审判资源,提高法官的业务能力等。只有认真思考并研究小额诉讼程序,并对其在司法实践中的问题进行探讨和解决,才能更好地适用小额诉讼程序,真正做到效率与公平的兼顾。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, in order to solve the contradiction between people's growing awareness of legal rights and limited judicial resources, Many countries or regions in the world have set up small claims procedure in civil law. In 2013, small claims procedure was formally entered into judicial practice. The Supreme people's Court on the Application of the Civil procedure Law of the people's Republic of China issued in 2015 "A special chapter on small claims proceedings in summary proceedings." It provides a relatively complete legal basis for the small claims procedure. At present, the grassroots courts all over the country are actively applying small-sum litigation procedures to try small cases. Although there are many achievements in the process of implementation, but there are also some problems, small-sum litigation procedures need to be improved. This paper analyzes the concept and characteristics of small claims procedure, and introduces its relevant legal and judicial interpretation provisions. It is clear that small lawsuit procedure is applicable to civil cases with small target amount and simple case. The function of small amount litigation procedure is to save litigation cost and improve litigation efficiency. Taking some typical grass-roots courts as the object of investigation, this paper summarizes the present situation and effect of the small claims procedure. There are some problems in the running process of small claims procedure. In the aspect of legislation, there are some problems such as the unscientific division of the target amount, the failure to set up a special judicial institution and the imperfect remedies of the litigants. In judicial practice, there are some problems such as low application rate and difficulty in service. The perfection of the small claims procedure should be based on the basic national conditions of our country, sum up and analyze on the basis of the effect of the implementation of the grass-roots courts, and draw lessons from the mature experience of all aspects. In the aspect of legislation, the target amount of small lawsuit should be set up according to local conditions, special small lawsuit organization should be set up, and some relief measures should be taken to the final instance of first instance. In judicial practice, we should strengthen the communication between the judges and the parties, perfect the relevant performance appraisal system, standardize the trial procedure, further optimize the trial resources, and improve the professional ability of the judges. Only when we seriously consider and study the small claims procedure, and discuss and solve the problems in the judicial practice, can we better apply the small claims procedure and truly achieve the consideration of efficiency and fairness.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.1

【相似文献】