STS视角下的我国技术灾害应急机制研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 14:04

本文选题：STS理论 + 技术灾害　；参考：《成都理工大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：科学技术的快速发展使人类获得了征服自然的新力量，并享受到技术进步带来的种种好处，但也使人类从来没有像今天这样面临着严峻的技术挑战：核能可以为人类获得无穷无尽的能源，但核装置的爆炸，可以使数十万人瞬间丧生；高新技术作为清洁产业，技术先进，但其导致的技术灾害对生态环境的破坏力更大，最为典型的就是芯片的生产带来的地下水严重污染；此外，一些制造业企业、化工工业等多次出现爆炸事故、中毒事件、污染事故等等。种种事实表明，科学技术的进步所带来的社会后果，具有与生俱来的双重性。为了让公众加深对技术灾害的认识，也相应地提高政府部门在技术灾害应急管理方面的水平，从而减少技术灾害给人类带来的破坏，这就使得研究技术灾害应急机制显得尤为迫切了。本文将在STS理论的视角下研究我国技术灾害应急机制，首先，概述了STS理论及技术灾害的相关概念，然后分析了我国技术灾害应急机制中存在的问题，最后从政府、公众等方面提出完善我国技术灾害应急机制的对策。本文分为三个部分，第一部分是文章研究的理论基础，首先，阐述STS理论的相关研究，使其公众对其起源及研究对象有个详细的了解，着重概述了研究STS理论的重要意义，其次，对技术灾害的概念、特征、分类、发展的成因、发展的后果及发展的阶段做了详细的描述，使公众对技术灾害这个概念有个完整的了解，为后面研究技术灾害应急机制提供了理论基础，同时也分析了从STS视角审视技术灾害应急机制的必要性。第二部分，先论述了应急机制的概念及特点，重点阐述我国现阶段技术灾害应急机制存在的问题，主要包括五个方面：技术灾害应急机制缺乏STS理论的整体观点；技术灾害预警机制不完善；各部门应急机制依据不明确；技术灾害信息监管体系不完善；技术灾害后勤保障系统不完善等等。第三部分，是本文的重点，为了更好地解决我国技术灾害应急机制存在的问题，文章将从加强我国STS理论教育与宣传方面入手，，使人们树立科学的理念，然后重点论述政府应从技术灾害应急制度建设、应急预警系统建设、应急救援体系建设、事故问责制度、应急信息系统等五个方面来完善我国的技术灾害应急机制，同时也应广泛调动社会力量来应对技术灾害，通过对国内外技术灾害应急机制的分析，总结出经验，从而使我国的技术灾害应急机制更加完善，以达到减少灾害带来的损失，最终实现社会的和谐的目的。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of science and technology has given mankind a new power to conquer nature and to enjoy the benefits of technological progress, But never before has mankind been faced with such a serious technological challenge: nuclear energy can provide endless energy for mankind, but the explosion of nuclear devices can kill hundreds of thousands of people in an instant; high and new technology is used as a clean industry. The technology is advanced, but the technological disasters caused by it are more destructive to the ecological environment, the most typical of which is the serious pollution of groundwater brought by the production of chips. In addition, some manufacturing enterprises and chemical industries have occurred explosion accidents many times. Poisoning, pollution, etc. All kinds of facts show that the social consequence of the progress of science and technology has the inherent duality. In order to increase public awareness of technological disasters and, accordingly, to raise the level of emergency management of technological disasters among government departments, thereby reducing the damage caused by technological disasters to human beings, This makes it particularly urgent to study the emergency mechanism of technological disasters. In this paper, we will study the emergency mechanism of technological disaster in China from the perspective of STS theory. Firstly, we will summarize the theory of STS and related concepts of technological disaster, then analyze the problems existing in the emergency mechanism of technological disaster in China. Finally, we will analyze the problems in the emergency mechanism of technological disaster in China. The public puts forward the countermeasures to perfect the emergency mechanism of technological disasters in China. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part is the theoretical basis of the article. Firstly, the related research of STS theory is expounded, so that the public can have a detailed understanding of its origin and research object, and the importance of studying STS theory is emphasized. Secondly, the concept, characteristics, classification, causes of development, consequences of development and stages of development are described in detail, so that the public can have a complete understanding of the concept of technological disasters. It provides a theoretical basis for the later research on the emergency mechanism of technological disasters, and also analyzes the necessity of examining the emergency mechanism of technological disasters from the perspective of STS. The second part first discusses the concept and characteristics of the emergency mechanism, focusing on the problems existing in the emergency mechanism of technological disasters in China at present, including five aspects: the lack of the overall view of STS theory of the emergency mechanism of technological disasters; The early warning mechanism of technological disaster is not perfect; the emergency mechanism of each department is not clear; the supervision system of technological disaster information is not perfect; the logistic support system of technological disaster is not perfect and so on. The third part is the focus of this paper. In order to better solve the problems existing in the emergency mechanism of technological disasters in China, the article will start with strengthening the theoretical education and propaganda of STS in our country, so that people can set up scientific ideas. Then the government should improve the emergency mechanism of technological disasters from five aspects: emergency system construction, emergency warning system construction, emergency rescue system construction, accident accountability system, emergency information system, etc. At the same time, we should mobilize social forces extensively to deal with technological disasters, through the analysis of emergency mechanisms of technological disasters at home and abroad, summing up the experience, so as to improve the emergency mechanism of technological disasters in China, so as to reduce the losses caused by disasters. Finally realize the goal of social harmony.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X4;G301

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