制造业全球价值链利益分配与中国的竞争力研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 00:25

本文关键词：制造业全球价值链利益分配与中国的竞争力研究　出处：《广东外语外贸大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：20世纪90年代以来,随着全球信息技术和物流产业的发展,国际垂直专业化分工成为经济全球化最为显著的特征,由此导致中间品贸易大量出现,加工贸易广泛开展,产品的生产链和价值链也被最大限度地在国家间进行拆分及整合。在此背景下,传统意义上产品的“国家制造”已经转变成“世界制造”(张磊、徐琳,2013),传统意义上的“货物或服务贸易”也已转变为“任务贸易”(WTOIDE-JETRO,2011)。由世界各国各部门参与构建的全球价值链分工模式对各国制造业的发展产生了重大而深远的影响,同时也改变了国际竞争的性质。以往评价一个国家竞争力时通常采用基于进出口额的国际竞争力指标,这夸大了那些依赖进口中间品的经济体的竞争力,而无法全面、有效地说明一国真实的国际竞争力状况。全球价值链分析(Global Value Chain Analysis,简称GVC分析)为准确衡量各国的国际竞争力提供了新的途径。对比传统的贸易统计方法,GVC分析不仅重视生产与贸易的增加值部分,而且可以沿产业链纵向分解单个产品在全球生产链上不同经济体和不同行业产生的增加值,因此,能够更准确有效地反映各国的国际竞争力状况。本文借鉴Marcel P.Timmer(2013)等提出的“GVC收入”及核算框架,测算分析了全球制造业产品增加值在世界主要国家和各部门的分布情况,以及各国基于“GVC收入”的显性比较优势指数,判断中国在制造业全球价值链上的竞争力及分工地位。此外,本文通过计量模型,分析了人力资源禀赋、技术创新、服务业发展、外商直接投资与贸易开放度对中国在制造业全球价值链上竞争力的影响。本文得出以下结论:(1)中国在参与制造业全球价值链分工中获得的增加值收入增长迅猛,居世界第一,但与主要国家相比,中国“制造业产品GVC收入”中,知识密集型制造业和服务业部门贡献较小,中国仍然位于制造业全球价值链的低端环节,不过,从发展趋势看中国在制造业GVC分工中地位有一定提高。(2)中国在“纺织品、皮革与鞋类”、“电子、电器与光学设备”与“机械设备”的GVC分工中具有比较优势,在“交通运输设备”的GVC分工中比较优势有较大提升,在“木材、纸制品、印刷与出版”与“化学品与非金属矿产品”的GVC分工中比较劣势最明显。(3)人力资源禀赋、贸易开放度和外商直接投资是促进我国在制造业GVC中竞争力提高的重要驱动因素。
[Abstract]:Since 1990s, with the development of global information technology and logistics industry, international vertical specialization has become the most significant characteristic of economic globalization, which led to the emergence of a large number of intermediate goods trade, processing trade extensively, the production chain and the value chain is to maximize the split and integration among countries. In this context, in traditional sense, the "national manufacturing" of products has been transformed into "world manufacturing" (Zhang Lei, Xu Lin. 2013), in traditional sense, the trade in goods or services has also been transformed into "task trade" (WTOIDE-JETRO, 2011). The global value chain division mode built by various sectors of the world has made a significant and far-reaching impact on the development of manufacturing industry in various countries, and has also changed the nature of international competition. When evaluating a country's competitiveness, it usually adopts international competitiveness index based on import and export volume, which exaggerates the competitiveness of the economies that rely on imported intermediate goods, but can not fully and effectively explain the real international competitiveness of a country. Global Value Chain Analysis, referred to as GVC analysis, provides a new way to accurately measure the international competitiveness of countries. Compared with the traditional trade statistics method, GVC analysis not only pay attention to increase production and trade value, but also along the industrial chain vertical decomposition of added value, individual products have different economies and different industries in the global production chain so it can more effectively reflect the status of the international competitiveness of the country. This paper uses Marcel P.Timmer (2013) put forward "GVC income" and accounting framework, calculation and analysis of the global manufacturing value added in the distribution of the world's major countries and various departments, and all countries based on the "GVC income" revealed comparative advantage index to judge the China in manufacturing industry on global value chain and competitive division position. Besides, this paper analyzes the impact of human resource endowment, technological innovation, service industry development, foreign direct investment and Trade Openness on China's competitiveness in the global value chain of manufacturing industry through econometric models. This paper draws the following conclusions: (1) China obtained in global manufacturing value chain to increase the value of rapid revenue growth, ranking first in the world, but compared with the major countries, Chinese "GVC manufacturing income" industry products, knowledge intensive manufacturing and service sector contribution is small, low-end links, China still in the manufacturing industry in the global value chain but from the development trend Chinese position in manufacturing division have increased GVC. (2) Chinese in textile, leather and footwear, electronics, electrical and optical equipment and mechanical equipment "GVC Division has a comparative advantage, in the" transportation equipment "GVC division of comparative advantage has greatly improved in the wood, paper products, printing and publishing" and "chemicals and non metal mineral products" division of the GVC in the most obvious disadvantages. (3) human resources endowment, trade openness and foreign direct investment are the important driving factors to promote the competitiveness of China in the manufacturing industry GVC.
【学位授予单位】：广东外语外贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F414

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