出口贸易对我国制造业企业生产率的影响效应研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 16:40

本文选题：异质企业 + 全要素生产率　；参考：《东北财经大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：自改革开放以来,贸易开放为我国经济的发展做出了巨大的贡献。随着我国经济的高速发展和对外开放程度的不断提高,全面系统的研究中国对外贸易与经济增长之间的关系,特别是对出口贸易与企业生产率之间的关系进行深入透彻的分析,是具有很强的现实意义的。这些年国际贸易关于微观企业的理论和实证研究趋于流行。此时以企业为研究对象的新新贸易理论(即异质性企业贸易理论)应运而生。作为国际贸易理论研究的前沿,异质性企业贸易理论突破性的引入了企业异质性的概念,从微观产业和企业的角度来探讨企业的出口决策,以及贸易出口对于企业生产率的影响。同时企业参与到出口之后,出口也会对生产率产生影响,也就是会产生出口中学习的效应。本文基于新新贸易理论的理论逻辑,利用我国工业企业统计数据,在核算出各企业全要素生产率后,从微观企业层面对出口行为与生产率关系进行全方面研究。因此本文的研究内容主要包括两大部分,一为我国制造业企业全要素生产率的核算,二为出口贸易与制造业企业全要素生产率关系的实证检验。本文采取Levinsohn-Petrin的全要素生产率核算方法,该方法利用中间投入作为替代变量,不仅可以克服OLS法回归带来的同时性偏误与选择偏误,还可以克服Olley-Pake方法中利用投资作为工具变量带来的大量数据丢失问题。在对2001-2007年工业企业数据进行筛选、汇总、调整后,运用Stata中的levpet函数,模拟计算出各工业企业全要素生产率。对全要素生产率与出口关系的探究主要为：基于2001-2007年面板数据我们主要检验了出口溢价模型、自选择效应模型与出口学习效应,结果证明我国出口企业存在出口的生产率悖论,即出口企业的生产率低于非出口企业2个百分点。自选择效应不显著,存在微弱的出口学习效应。不同行业企业的出口与生产率关系具有显著差异。本文主要结论为：我国制造业出口企业的生产率比非出口企业低大约2个百分点,这种现象被有些学者称为生产率悖论。中国企业在进行出口决策时不存在自选择效应；中国工业企业进入国际市场后具有一定的出口学习效应。此外,在分析过程中我们还得出一些其他结论：如企业规模、利润水平等因素对企业生产率的作用为正,其中利润水平对生产率的提升作用最大,符合一般规律认识。本文主要创新点在于：1)从新新贸易理论入手,利用微观企业数据对经济增长与出口的关系进行探究,较之于从国家层面、省级层面或行业角度的分析更具可信赖性与指导意义,虽然数据处理更为繁琐,但却可以提供更为直接的事实论证；2)利用Levinsohn-Petrin (LP)法进行全要素生产率进行核算,可以克服OLS回归带来的自相关与选择偏误带来的误差：3)无论是用LP法进行TFP进行计算,还是验证出口溢价水平、出口选择效应及出口学习效应,本文都采用了分行业分别进行计算和回归分析。这样一来,首先能够针对不同行业具有生产函数的条件,得到更加准确的TFP数据。其次,不同行业间出口与生产率可能存在不同的关系,而总体回归很难控制行业间差异的影响,分行业回归分析可以得到更加准确的出口和生产率的关系。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the opening of trade has made great contributions to the development of China's economy. With the rapid development of China's economy and the continuous improvement of the degree of opening to the outside world, the relationship between China's foreign trade and economic growth is systematically studied, especially the relationship between export trade and enterprise productivity. The analysis is of great practical significance.
In these years, the theoretical and empirical research on micro enterprises is becoming popular in international trade. At this time, new trade theory (i.e., heterogeneous enterprise trade theory), which is the research object of enterprises, came into being. As the frontier of international trade theory research, heterogeneous enterprise trade theory has introduced the concept of enterprise heterogeneity breakthrough, from microcosmic production. The export decisions of enterprises and the impact of trade exports on enterprise productivity are discussed in the business and enterprise perspective. At the same time, when enterprises participate in exports, exports also have an impact on productivity, that is, the effect of learning in export.
Based on the theoretical logic of new trade theory, this paper makes full research on the relationship between export behavior and productivity from the micro enterprise level after the total factor productivity of enterprises is calculated by using the statistical data of China's industrial enterprises. The main contents of this study include two major parts, one is the total factor productivity of China's manufacturing enterprises. The second is the empirical test of the relationship between export trade and total factor productivity of manufacturing enterprises.
This paper adopts the total factor productivity accounting method of Levinsohn-Petrin. This method uses the intermediate input as an alternative variable. It can not only overcome the simultaneous errors and errors of selection caused by the regression of the OLS method, but also overcome the large amount of data loss caused by the use of investment as a tool variable in the Olley-Pake method. The data of enterprises are screened, aggregated, adjusted, and the levpet function of Stata is used to simulate and calculate the total factor productivity of various industrial enterprises.
The research on the relationship between total factor productivity and export is mainly: Based on the 2001-2007 year panel data, we mainly examine the export premium model, the self selection effect model and the export learning effect. The result proves that the export productivity paradox exists in the export enterprises of our country, that is, the productivity of the export enterprises is lower than the non export enterprise 2 percentage points. The selection effect is not significant, and there is a weak export learning effect. The relationship between export and productivity of different industries has significant differences.
The main conclusion of this paper is that the productivity of China's manufacturing export enterprises is about 2 percentage points lower than that of non export enterprises. This phenomenon has been called productivity paradox by some scholars. Chinese enterprises do not have self selection effect when they make export decisions; Chinese industrial enterprises have a certain export learning effect after entering the international market. Besides, the Chinese enterprises have a certain effect on export learning. In the process of analysis, we also draw some other conclusions: such as enterprise scale, profit level and so on, the effect of the profit level on productivity is positive, and the profit level has the greatest effect on productivity, which is in line with the general rule.
The main innovation points of this article are as follows: 1) starting with the new new trade theory, using the micro enterprise data to explore the relationship between economic growth and export, compared with the national level, the analysis of provincial level or industry angle is more credible and guiding significance. Although the data processing is more complicated, it can provide more direct fact theory. Certificate; 2) using the Levinsohn-Petrin (LP) method to calculate the total factor productivity, we can overcome the error caused by the autocorrelation and the choice error brought by the OLS regression: 3) whether it is to use the LP method to calculate the TFP, or to verify the export premium level, the export selection effect and the export learning effect. In this way, we can get more accurate TFP data for different industries with production functions. Secondly, there may be different relations between export and productivity among different industries, and the overall regression is difficult to control the impact of inter industry differences, and the regression analysis of the industry can get more accurate export. The relationship with productivity.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F224;F752.62;F424

【参考文献】