中国微型汽车行业产业组织的研究
发布时间：2018-08-28 14:12
【摘要】：中国微型汽车行业是汽车工业的重要组成部分,80年代初期,随着经济体制改革的深化,多数企业面临产品结构调整,一些企业开始引进微型汽车产品,进行测绘仿制,生产微型货车。1978年安徽淮海机械厂试制成功我国第一辆微型车。 经过三十多年日新月异的发展,微型汽车行业已经从我国汽车行业中“小字辈”成长为主力军,占据着十分重要的市场地位。本论文从微型汽车定义探讨出发,运用产业组织理论,研究中国微型汽车的产业组织、市场结构、国际投资、产品差异化、产品生命周期等问题,并提出微型汽车行业续发展的判断与行业发展建议。 论文先着重对微型汽车的定义进行了研究,回顾了中国微型汽车最初定义来历以及随后的标准定义、官方文件定义和行业协会定义的演变。到如今,对微型客车的称谓已变成交叉型乘用车、短头乘用车,属于M1类；微型货车,也可称为轻型货车,属于N1类；而对它们的发达机排量则无明确规定。再运用产品生命周期理论对微型汽车总体发展情况进行了解读,分别说明了欧洲微型汽车、日本微型汽车和韩国微型汽车的发展情况。微型汽车在欧洲已经演变为CDV、MPV;而日本和韩国的微车已经延伸为MPV产品。并结合微型汽车的发展实证,预测微型汽车将在东南亚、南亚、非洲、拉丁等发展中国家和地区进行普及与发展。 在微型汽车产业发展情况总体分析的基础上,论文细致剖析它的产业组织与主要微型汽车企业的经营情况。其中,产业组织分析先从微型汽车品牌情况、市场结构、产业集群、行业规模四个方面详细说明了微型汽车规模经济；再从微型汽车兼并重组和产品差异化、市场进入壁垒进一步分析微型汽车产业组织特征。本文认为中国微型汽车产业组织呈现出以下特点：第一形成产业集群,经过近三十年的发展,截止2013年,我国已形成了五大微型汽车产业集群,包括重庆、柳州、华北、江浙皖以及东北老工业基地；第二,骨干企业的规模经济性提高,成为提升我国微型汽车行业竞争力的中坚力量；第三,兼并重组既有跨地区的重组,也要跨所有制的重组；第四,产品差异程度有所提高,产品更新速度明显加快。不过,行政性壁垒与规模经济壁垒任是我国汽车进入壁垒的主要形式。我国政府在两个层面上对汽车产业实施严格的行政性进入限制。新企业在某一产业未能取得一定市场份额之前,由于不能充分享受规模经济的经济性,相对于产业内在位企业其生产成本必然较高,生存发展压力巨大。另外,汽车行业也是技术密集型,新企业需要熟悉行业、掌握经验,吸收新的技术知识,才能聚集设计、制造、管理经验和雄厚的产品开发能力。学习曲线表现淋漓尽致。而就主要微型汽车企业的经营情况看,微型汽车的经营模式分成中中外合资、纯国企、国企民企与纯民企四大类。从2001-2012年,四大版块的经营情况实证,中中外合资与国企民企无疑是经营模式的成功者。 综合以上论述,论文认为“去微化”是微型汽车行业后续发展的大势所趋,顺应趋势促进行业发展,应该建立微型汽车有效的定义和标准,出台支持微型汽车企业转型升级及走出去战略,推动企业横向一体化以促进规模经济的建立与加快产业集群的建设。 论文创新点： 论文系统分析了中国微型汽车行业产业组织,包括研究中国微型汽车的产业组织、市场结构、国际投资、产品差异化、产品生命周期等问题,并提出微型汽车行业后续发展的判断与思考有积极意义。
[Abstract]:China's mini-car industry is an important part of the automotive industry. In the early 1980s, with the deepening of economic restructuring, most enterprises faced with product restructuring. Some enterprises began to import mini-car products, carry out mapping imitation, and produce mini-trucks. In 1978, Anhui Huaihai Machinery Factory successfully trial-produced the first mini-car in China.
After more than 30 years of rapid development, the mini-car industry has grown from the "small generation" in China's automotive industry as the main force, occupying a very important market position.This paper discusses the definition of mini-car, using the theory of industrial organization, studies the industrial organization, market structure, international investment, and products of China's mini-car industry. Differentiation, product life cycle and other issues, and put forward the judgment of mini-car industry sustainable development and industry development proposals.
This paper first focuses on the definition of mini-car, reviews the origin of the original definition of mini-car in China and the subsequent standard definition, the official document definition and the evolution of the industry association definition. The development of mini-cars in Europe, Japan and South Korea is explained respectively by using the theory of product life cycle. And South Korea's micro-car has been extended to MPV products. Combined with the development of micro-car empirical, it is predicted that micro-car will be popularized and developed in Southeast Asia, South Asia, Africa, Latin and other developing countries and regions.
On the basis of the overall analysis of the development of the mini-car industry, this paper analyzes its industrial organization and the operation of the main mini-car enterprises in detail. This paper argues that China's mini-car industrial organization has the following characteristics: First, the formation of industrial clusters, after nearly 30 years of development, by 2013, China has formed five major mini-car industrial clusters, including Chongqing, Liu. State, North China, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui Provinces and the Northeast Old Industrial Bases; Second, the improvement of the scale economy of the backbone enterprises has become the backbone to enhance the competitiveness of China's mini-car industry; Third, mergers and reorganizations have cross-regional reorganization, but also cross-ownership reorganization; Fourth, the degree of product differences has been improved, the speed of product renewal has been significantly accelerated. However, administrative barriers and scale economic barriers are the main forms of barriers to entry of automobiles in China. The Chinese government imposes strict administrative entry restrictions on the automobile industry at two levels. In addition, the automotive industry is also technology-intensive, new enterprises need to be familiar with the industry, master experience, absorb new technical knowledge, in order to gather design, manufacturing, management experience and strong product development capabilities. Learning curve is vivid. From 2001 to 2012, the operation of the four major sectors of the empirical, Sino-foreign joint ventures and state-owned enterprises are undoubtedly the success of the business model.
To sum up the above discussion, the paper holds that "de-micronization" is the general trend of the follow-up development of the mini-car industry. To conform to the trend and promote the development of the mini-car industry, it is necessary to establish an effective definition and standard of mini-car, introduce a strategy to support the transformation and upgrading of mini-car enterprises and go out, and promote the horizontal integration of enterprises to promote the establishment and addition of economies of scale. The construction of fast industrial clusters.
The innovation of this paper is:
This paper systematically analyzes the industrial organization of China's mini-car industry, including the industrial organization of China's mini-car, market structure, international investment, product differentiation, product life cycle and other issues, and puts forward the judgment and thinking of the follow-up development of the mini-car industry.
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F426.471
本文编号：2209622
[Abstract]:China's mini-car industry is an important part of the automotive industry. In the early 1980s, with the deepening of economic restructuring, most enterprises faced with product restructuring. Some enterprises began to import mini-car products, carry out mapping imitation, and produce mini-trucks. In 1978, Anhui Huaihai Machinery Factory successfully trial-produced the first mini-car in China.
After more than 30 years of rapid development, the mini-car industry has grown from the "small generation" in China's automotive industry as the main force, occupying a very important market position.This paper discusses the definition of mini-car, using the theory of industrial organization, studies the industrial organization, market structure, international investment, and products of China's mini-car industry. Differentiation, product life cycle and other issues, and put forward the judgment of mini-car industry sustainable development and industry development proposals.
This paper first focuses on the definition of mini-car, reviews the origin of the original definition of mini-car in China and the subsequent standard definition, the official document definition and the evolution of the industry association definition. The development of mini-cars in Europe, Japan and South Korea is explained respectively by using the theory of product life cycle. And South Korea's micro-car has been extended to MPV products. Combined with the development of micro-car empirical, it is predicted that micro-car will be popularized and developed in Southeast Asia, South Asia, Africa, Latin and other developing countries and regions.
On the basis of the overall analysis of the development of the mini-car industry, this paper analyzes its industrial organization and the operation of the main mini-car enterprises in detail. This paper argues that China's mini-car industrial organization has the following characteristics: First, the formation of industrial clusters, after nearly 30 years of development, by 2013, China has formed five major mini-car industrial clusters, including Chongqing, Liu. State, North China, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui Provinces and the Northeast Old Industrial Bases; Second, the improvement of the scale economy of the backbone enterprises has become the backbone to enhance the competitiveness of China's mini-car industry; Third, mergers and reorganizations have cross-regional reorganization, but also cross-ownership reorganization; Fourth, the degree of product differences has been improved, the speed of product renewal has been significantly accelerated. However, administrative barriers and scale economic barriers are the main forms of barriers to entry of automobiles in China. The Chinese government imposes strict administrative entry restrictions on the automobile industry at two levels. In addition, the automotive industry is also technology-intensive, new enterprises need to be familiar with the industry, master experience, absorb new technical knowledge, in order to gather design, manufacturing, management experience and strong product development capabilities. Learning curve is vivid. From 2001 to 2012, the operation of the four major sectors of the empirical, Sino-foreign joint ventures and state-owned enterprises are undoubtedly the success of the business model.
To sum up the above discussion, the paper holds that "de-micronization" is the general trend of the follow-up development of the mini-car industry. To conform to the trend and promote the development of the mini-car industry, it is necessary to establish an effective definition and standard of mini-car, introduce a strategy to support the transformation and upgrading of mini-car enterprises and go out, and promote the horizontal integration of enterprises to promote the establishment and addition of economies of scale. The construction of fast industrial clusters.
The innovation of this paper is:
This paper systematically analyzes the industrial organization of China's mini-car industry, including the industrial organization of China's mini-car, market structure, international investment, product differentiation, product life cycle and other issues, and puts forward the judgment and thinking of the follow-up development of the mini-car industry.
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F426.471
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