工资水平上升对我国制造业国际竞争力的影响研究
发布时间：2018-10-25 21:08
【摘要】：二十世纪九十年代以来，我国制造业高速发展，成为拉动国民经济持续快速发展的主要力量。目前，我国已经逐渐发展成为工业制成品出口大国，很多制造业产品的产量都位居世界前列，在国际市场上所占的份额也显著提高，这主要得益于我国制造业产品的质优价廉。丰富而廉价的劳动力资源一直是我国制造业参与国际竞争的有利条件。这种劳动力成本低的比较优势一方面严重阻碍了技术进步以及产业结构升级，另一方面也削弱了劳动者的生产积极性，影响劳动生产率的提高。 虽然，我国已经成为制造业大国，但还没有迈入制造业强国的行列，这主要是由于我国制造业仍然主要依靠劳动密集型行业的发展，而资本以及技术密集型行业、特别是高技术产业的发展相对落后，制造业的科技创新能力不强，科技与经济发展脱节，这些都严重制约了我国制造业国际竞争力的可持续发展。近年来，随着我国经济的快速发展以及刘易斯转折点的到来，工资水平上升已经成为长期稳定的趋势，我国制造业劳动力成本低的比较优势也在逐渐消失。本文就是在这种背景下，研究如何在工资水平持续上升的同时，，继续保持并提高我国制造业的国际竞争力。 本文首先对我国制造业的工资水平进行分析和趋势预测，说明工资水平呈现长期稳定的上升趋势，同时，通过与其他国家的国际比较发现，我国制造业劳动力成本优势正在逐渐消失。其次，深入系统的分析了工资水平上升对制造业国际竞争力影响的作用机理，短期内工资水平的上升主要通过带动用工成本以及制成品价格的上涨影响制造业的国际竞争力；而从长期来看，工资水平的上升则会通过激励员工、提高劳动者素质以及促进产业结构的优化升级等途径最终对制造业的国际竞争力产生正效应。接着，通过搜集整理相关统计数据，对近年来我国制造业劳动生产率、工业制成品出口增量以及出口结构的变动情况进行经验实证分析，说明随着工资水平的上升，我国制造业的劳动生产率有所提高，工业制成品的出口增量却有所下降，劳动密集型产品占工业制成品出口总额的比重不断缩小，取而代之的是资本以及技术密集型产品占工业制成品出口总额的比重不断增大。国际比较的结果显示，我国制造业的劳动生产率还处于较低水平，资本及技术密集型产品的国际市场占有率偏低，高技术产业增加值占制造业增加值的比重与发达国家相比还存在较大的差距，这些都说明我国制造业的国际竞争力还有待于进一步提高。最后，在全文研究结论的基础上，提出在工资水平上升的背景下提高我国制造业国际竞争力的对策建议。
[Abstract]:Since 1990's, our manufacturing industry has developed rapidly and become the main force to promote the sustained and rapid development of the national economy. At present, China has gradually developed into a large export country of manufactured goods, and the output of many manufacturing products is in the forefront of the world, and its share in the international market has also increased significantly, which is mainly due to the high quality and low price of our manufacturing products. Abundant and cheap labor resources have always been the favorable conditions for our manufacturing industry to participate in international competition. On the one hand, this kind of comparative advantage of low labor cost seriously hinders the progress of technology and the upgrading of industrial structure, on the other hand, it weakens the productive enthusiasm of workers and affects the improvement of labor productivity. Although China has become a large manufacturing country, it has not yet stepped into the ranks of a manufacturing power. This is mainly because the manufacturing industry of our country still relies mainly on the development of labor-intensive industries, while capital and technology-intensive industries. Especially, the development of high-tech industry is relatively backward, the ability of scientific and technological innovation of manufacturing industry is not strong, and the development of science and technology is out of step with economic development, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of the international competitiveness of our manufacturing industry. In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy and the arrival of the turning point of Lewis, the rising wage level has become a long-term stable trend, and the comparative advantage of low labor cost of manufacturing industry in China is gradually disappearing. Under this background, this paper studies how to maintain and improve the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry while the wage level continues to rise. This paper first analyzes and forecasts the wage level of China's manufacturing industry, and shows that the wage level shows a long-term steady upward trend. At the same time, by comparing with other countries, it is found that, China's manufacturing labor cost advantage is gradually disappearing. Secondly, the mechanism of the effect of wage level rise on the international competitiveness of manufacturing industry is analyzed systematically. In the short term, the rise of wage level mainly affects the international competitiveness of manufacturing industry by driving up the cost of employment and the price of finished goods. In the long run, the rise of wage level will ultimately have a positive effect on the international competitiveness of manufacturing industry through encouraging employees, improving the quality of workers and promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. Then, by collecting and collating the relevant statistical data, the empirical analysis on the labor productivity, export increment of manufactured goods and the change of export structure in recent years in China shows that with the rise of wage level, The labor productivity of China's manufacturing industry has increased, while the increase in the export of manufactured goods has declined, and the proportion of labor-intensive products in the total exports of manufactured goods has been shrinking. Instead, capital and technology-intensive products account for a growing share of total manufactured exports. The results of international comparison show that the labor productivity of China's manufacturing industry is still at a relatively low level, and the share of capital and technology-intensive products in the international market is on the low side. Compared with developed countries, the proportion of added value of high-tech industry in manufacturing industry is still far from that of developed countries, which indicates that the international competitiveness of Chinese manufacturing industry needs to be further improved. Finally, on the basis of the conclusion of this paper, the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry under the background of rising wage level are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F249.24;F424
[Abstract]:Since 1990's, our manufacturing industry has developed rapidly and become the main force to promote the sustained and rapid development of the national economy. At present, China has gradually developed into a large export country of manufactured goods, and the output of many manufacturing products is in the forefront of the world, and its share in the international market has also increased significantly, which is mainly due to the high quality and low price of our manufacturing products. Abundant and cheap labor resources have always been the favorable conditions for our manufacturing industry to participate in international competition. On the one hand, this kind of comparative advantage of low labor cost seriously hinders the progress of technology and the upgrading of industrial structure, on the other hand, it weakens the productive enthusiasm of workers and affects the improvement of labor productivity. Although China has become a large manufacturing country, it has not yet stepped into the ranks of a manufacturing power. This is mainly because the manufacturing industry of our country still relies mainly on the development of labor-intensive industries, while capital and technology-intensive industries. Especially, the development of high-tech industry is relatively backward, the ability of scientific and technological innovation of manufacturing industry is not strong, and the development of science and technology is out of step with economic development, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of the international competitiveness of our manufacturing industry. In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy and the arrival of the turning point of Lewis, the rising wage level has become a long-term stable trend, and the comparative advantage of low labor cost of manufacturing industry in China is gradually disappearing. Under this background, this paper studies how to maintain and improve the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry while the wage level continues to rise. This paper first analyzes and forecasts the wage level of China's manufacturing industry, and shows that the wage level shows a long-term steady upward trend. At the same time, by comparing with other countries, it is found that, China's manufacturing labor cost advantage is gradually disappearing. Secondly, the mechanism of the effect of wage level rise on the international competitiveness of manufacturing industry is analyzed systematically. In the short term, the rise of wage level mainly affects the international competitiveness of manufacturing industry by driving up the cost of employment and the price of finished goods. In the long run, the rise of wage level will ultimately have a positive effect on the international competitiveness of manufacturing industry through encouraging employees, improving the quality of workers and promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. Then, by collecting and collating the relevant statistical data, the empirical analysis on the labor productivity, export increment of manufactured goods and the change of export structure in recent years in China shows that with the rise of wage level, The labor productivity of China's manufacturing industry has increased, while the increase in the export of manufactured goods has declined, and the proportion of labor-intensive products in the total exports of manufactured goods has been shrinking. Instead, capital and technology-intensive products account for a growing share of total manufactured exports. The results of international comparison show that the labor productivity of China's manufacturing industry is still at a relatively low level, and the share of capital and technology-intensive products in the international market is on the low side. Compared with developed countries, the proportion of added value of high-tech industry in manufacturing industry is still far from that of developed countries, which indicates that the international competitiveness of Chinese manufacturing industry needs to be further improved. Finally, on the basis of the conclusion of this paper, the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry under the background of rising wage level are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F249.24;F424
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