行走在竞争和规制之间的德国能源经济改革

发布时间：2019-01-17 10:34

【摘要】：传统自然垄断行业的市场化改革,肇始于20世纪80年代发达市场经济国家,其实践探索、理论发展和制度建设至今仍处于高度活跃和快速演变之中。德国能源经济市场化改革的演变发展是传统垄断行业市场化改革的典型案例。从"区域垄断取代竞争"到"通过去规制化引入竞争"再到"通过规制实现竞争"的改革进程,以及是否应"向一般竞争法过渡"的疑惑,揭示出垄断行业改革的本质和难题是在监管模式设计中竞争监管与行业规制的不同比例、不同程度的调配与整合。对于和管网紧密联系的公用事业来说,单纯依靠"去规制化"下的事后竞争监管无法实现真正的竞争,需要建立新型的行业规制理念和模式,通过规制为市场竞争创造条件。竞争监管和行业规制之间的比例关系受制于特定行业的市场结构和竞争状况及其变化发展。应当适时适度调整两者的比例关系,避免规制模式的僵化。
[Abstract]:The market-oriented reform of the traditional natural monopoly industry began in the developed market economy countries in the 1980s. Its practice exploration, theoretical development and system construction are still in a highly active and rapid evolution. The evolution and development of energy market reform in Germany is a typical case of market reform in traditional monopoly industry. From "regional monopoly replacing competition" to "introducing competition through deregularization" to "realizing competition through regulation", and whether to "transition to general competition law", It is revealed that the essence and difficulty of monopoly industry reform is the different proportion of competition regulation and industry regulation in the design of supervision mode, and the different degree of deployment and integration. For the public utilities which are closely related to the pipe network, it is impossible to realize the real competition by relying solely on the post-competition supervision under the "deregularization". It is necessary to establish a new concept and mode of industry regulation to create conditions for the market competition through regulation. The proportional relationship between competition regulation and industry regulation is restricted by the market structure and competition status of a particular industry and its development. We should adjust the proportion of the two in a timely and appropriate manner to avoid the inflexibility of the regulatory model.
【作者单位】：南京大学法学院暨中德法学研究所;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目(13BFX119)
【分类号】：F416.2;F451.6

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