试论日本的核电技术发展——福岛核事故与日本核电发展路径缺陷

发布时间：2019-07-03 16:26

【摘要】：日本福岛核事故是已有先兆的危机,各种不安全因素日积月累,最终导致了最高级核事故的爆发。从日本核电技术发展历程可见其路径缺陷:美日政府共同制造的"绝对安全"神话促使日本核电事业迅速起步;一味引进存在本质缺陷的美式轻水堆给核电安全埋下隐患;核燃料循环技术自主开发乏善可陈,暴露出日本科技"应用强、基础弱"、"模仿能力强、自主开发弱"的瘸腿特征;基于核电技术军民两用特征,日本发展核电存在"双重动机"。今后日本核电将在"拥核"和"反核"两种力量更加激烈的博弈中艰难前行,但"拥核"仍占主流,右翼势力"拥核武"之心不死。关闭所有核电站的"零核电"不意味着"零风险",还需在处置核电"负遗产"过程中继续与"不安全"因素做斗争。日本核电能否可持续稳步发展,取决于对迄今核电发展战略进行深刻反思并实施真正转型。
[Abstract]:The Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan is a threatened crisis, and various unsafe factors have accumulated over the years, which eventually led to the outbreak of the most advanced nuclear accident. From the course of the development of nuclear power technology in Japan, we can see its path defects: the myth of "absolute safety" made by the US and Japanese governments has prompted the Japanese nuclear power industry to start rapidly; blindly introducing the American light water reactor with essential defects to bury hidden dangers in nuclear power safety; the lack of independent development of nuclear fuel cycle technology has exposed the crippled characteristics of "strong application, weak foundation", "strong imitation ability and weak independent development" of Japanese science and technology. Based on the dual-use characteristics of nuclear power technology, there is a "dual motivation" for the development of nuclear power in Japan. In the future, Japan's nuclear power will struggle to move forward in the more intense game between "nuclear support" and "anti-nuclear" forces, but "nuclear support" will still occupy the mainstream, and the right-wing forces will not die of "holding nuclear weapons." Shutting down all nuclear power plants does not mean "zero risk". It also needs to continue to struggle with "unsafe" factors in the process of dealing with the "negative heritage" of nuclear power. The sustainable and steady development of nuclear power in Japan depends on the profound reflection and real transformation of the development strategy of nuclear power so far.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院日本研究所;
【基金】：中国社会科学院荣誉学部委员创新工程“日本科技发展与创新——以能源安全为案例”的中期成果
【分类号】：F426.61

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