发达国家转移支付制度对地方财力及公共服务的影响

发布时间：2018-04-18 22:41

本文选题：转移支付制度 + 地方财力　；参考：《财经科学》2016年09期

【摘要】：转移支付制度是发达国家用于均等化地区间公共服务水平的重要政策工具,它主要通过影响地方财力来影响地区间公共服务的水平。选取美国、德国和澳大利亚作为发达国家的代表,通过基尼系数和最大最小比值两个指标的分析发现,采用不同转移支付制度的三个国家,实现了不同的地方财力均等化程度:美国的地区间财力均等化程度最低,德国居中,澳大利亚最高。利用服务提供比率这一衡量地区间公共服务均等化程度的指标发现,上述发达国家地方财力均等化和地区间公共服务均等化存在两种关系。其中,美国由于地区间财力均等化程度低极大地影响了财力薄弱地方政府提供公共服务的能力,从而导致州际较大的公共服务差距;澳大利亚长期高度的财力均等化也并未导致地区间公共服务的均等化,但这主要是地区偏好差异所致。
[Abstract]:Transfer payment system is an important policy tool used by developed countries to equalize the level of public services between regions. It mainly affects the level of public services between regions through the influence of local financial resources.Taking the United States, Germany and Australia as the representatives of the developed countries, through the analysis of the Gini coefficient and the maximum and minimum ratio, it is found that the three countries adopting different transfer payment systems,The regional financial equalization is the lowest in the United States, the highest in Germany and the highest in Australia.By using the ratio of service delivery as an index to measure the degree of equalization of public services between regions, it is found that there are two relationships between the equalization of local financial resources in the developed countries and the equalization of public services among regions.Among them, the low degree of financial equalization between regions in the United States has greatly affected the ability of local governments to provide public services with weak financial resources, resulting in a large gap in public services between states.Australia's long-term financial equalization does not result in equalization of public services between regions, but it is mainly due to regional preference differences.
【作者单位】：西南交通大学中国高铁发展战略研究中心;四川大学经济学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大招标项目“城乡基本公共服务均等化的实现机制与监测体系研究”(项目编号:14ZDA030)之子课题“城乡基本公共服务均等化的可持续性与财力保障研究”
【分类号】：F811.4

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