全国新课标Ⅰ卷物理试题变化剖析

发布时间：2017-12-28 03:19

本文关键词：全国新课标Ⅰ卷物理试题变化剖析　出处：《山东师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来我国经济、科技等迅猛发展,人才是这个时代最可贵的。虽然我国基础教育课程建设目前已取得了显著成绩,但是总体水平还不是很高,原有的基础教育政策已不能与现在国家的发展轨迹完全吻合,我们需要通过改革,有一个新的教育面貌。2014年,新一轮高考改革开始,这次高考改革从高考结构、时间、内容以及后续的招生制度上作了一系列重大的策略调整,引起了社会的广泛关注,尤其是在教育界。最重要的是,高考又重回全国卷时代。2014年9月公布的《国务院关于深化考试招生制度改革的实施意见》中明确指出“2015年起增加使用全国统一命题试卷的省份”。从统一命题到分省自主命题,再回到以统一命题为主并不是一个简单的反复过程。教育专家们认为,这次“回归”最为关键的作用在于保证高考试题科学性和整体水平,推动形成“以统一命题为主,少数有条件的省份继续实行分省命题的大格局,最终目标是达到公平和效率的最大化”。本文通过对新课程目标、新课改、高考改革的历史梳理以及《普通高中物理课程标准(实验)》基本理念和主要特点的解读,再借助计算器和Excel,对2010年到2015年这六年的全国新课标Ⅰ卷物理高考试题进行了如下研究:首先,我们从以下九个方面进行了系统的统计分析:题型、教材章节、分值、知识板块、考试大纲知识点、概念或现象或规律、主要方法或类型、能力要求、难度。其次,按照试卷结构对选择题、实验题、计算题、选做题四个题型从试题个数、分值、所占百分比进行对比分析。再次,对试卷考查内容进行了知识板块、能力要求、各章节的统计分析,分析了各自的分值、分值比重、试题数量等。最后,在以上试题的数据统计分析基础上,总结了六年来高考物理《考试大纲》及试题内容的变化以及规律。从物理情境、问题设问方式、计算量与思维量等四个角度对2010年到2015年共计六套全国新课标Ⅰ卷物理试题的必考知识和选考知识的内容考查变化情况做了细致分析,并总结了力学题目、电磁学题目、热学题目、光学题目、原子物理学题目中常见的解题方法和所用到的数学方法进行了总结。根据本文对2010年到2015年全国新课标Ⅰ卷物理试题的深入剖析,发现试题呈现以下几个主要特色:一是,力学的物理基础地位得到重视,其考查力度也加大;二是,实验题脱胎于课本实验,越来越新颖,突出新课标中实验能力的考查;三是,计算题难度下降,且加大力学试题分量;四是,选考部分难度越来越大,2016年新增一个Ⅱ级新考点-“动量定理”,且考查内容及形式都有新的变化。所有统计分析工作完结之后,根据以上对2010年到2015年的六套全国新课标Ⅰ卷物理试题整体剖析的结果,笔者对师生提出了教学建议和高考复习建议,为中学物理教学工作提供参考和借鉴。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening to the outside world, our country's economy and science and technology have developed rapidly, and talents are the most valuable in this era. Although the basic education curriculum in China has achieved remarkable achievements, the overall level is not very high. The original basic education policy is no longer consistent with the development track of the nation now. We need to have a new educational outlook through reform. In 2014, the new round of college entrance examination reform began. This college entrance examination reform has made a series of major strategic adjustments from the structure, time, content and follow-up enrollment system of the college entrance examination, which has aroused widespread concern in the society, especially in the educational field. The most important thing is that the college entrance examination is back to the time of the country. In September 2014, the State Council's Implementing Opinions on deepening the reform of examination and enrollment system clearly pointed out that "the province that increased the use of national unified examination papers in 2015" is clear. It is not a simple and repeated process from the unified proposition to the autonomous proposition of the province, and then to the unification of the propositions. Education experts believe that the "return" is the most important role is to ensure that the college entrance examination and the overall level of science, promote the formation of "unified proposition, few conditional provinces continue to implement the pattern of provincial proposition, the ultimate goal is to maximize fairness and efficiency". Based on the goal of the new curriculum, the new curriculum reform, the reform of college entrance examination of the history and the "ordinary high school physics curriculum standard (Experiment)" interpretation of the basic concepts and main characteristics, and then use a calculator and Excel, on 2010 to the new curriculum of the six years of the 2015 volume of physical examination was carried out as follows: first of all, we conducted a systematic analysis from the following nine aspects: types, chapters, values, knowledge, knowledge, exam outline plate concepts or phenomena or laws, main types, methods or skills, difficulty. Secondly, according to the structure of the test paper, four questions, the number, the score and the percentage of the test questions, are compared and analyzed. Thirdly, the knowledge contents, requirements and chapters of the examination papers were statistically analyzed, and their scores, proportion and number of questions were analyzed. Finally, on the basis of the statistics and analysis of the above questions, the changes and rules of the examination outline and the content of the exam in the six years are summarized. A total of six sets of the new curriculum standard of physics test volume of knowledge and knowledge of the compulsory elective content examination changes to do a detailed analysis on 2010 to 2015 from the physical situation, the question, four aspects of calculation and thinking, and summarizes the common problems and solving methods of mechanical and thermal problems, optical electromagnetics problems the title, the title of atomic physics and mathematical methods used are summarized. According to the 2010 2015 national new curriculum standard of physics test volume in-depth analysis, found that the test show the following main characteristics: one is the physical basis of the mechanical position, get attention, the research efforts are also increasing; two, the experimental problem originated from the textbook experiment, more and more experimental novel, outstanding ability in the new curriculum examination the three is the calculation problem; difficulty is decreased, and increase efforts to learn test component; four is optional, part of more and more difficult, in 2016 added a class II new test - "momentum theorem", and examine the content and form have changed new. After the completion of all statistical analysis, based on the above analysis of the six sets of new national curriculum standards from 2010 to 2015, I put forward teaching suggestions and recommendations for college entrance examination, providing reference for middle school physics teaching.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.7

【参考文献】