高中化学“晶体结构与性质”知识结构化教学的研究

发布时间：2018-01-09 19:23

本文关键词：高中化学“晶体结构与性质”知识结构化教学的研究　出处：《南京师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：高中化学教材中的“晶体结构与性质”内容,是微观分子、原子结构与宏观物质产生联系的桥梁,该部分知识有助于学生建立系统、完整的物质结构观,在中学化学教学中占有重要地位。“晶体结构与性质”内容逻辑性较强,需要学生建构知识之间的相互关系。但大部分学生很少构建自己的知识网络,不善于从多角度、多层面去理解、整理相关的知识,因此在学习该部分内容时存在困难。知识结构化是指根据知识之间的关联性和知识的共同特征,把所学知识形成知识组块,进而形成良好的知识结构的过程。知识结构化的目的就是为了让学生形成良好的认知结构。促进知识结构化有利于学生对知识信息的记忆、检索和提取,有利于增进知识之间的联系,为学生学习“晶体结构与性质”相关内容提供帮助。本研究首先通过文献梳理,综述了国内外关于知识结构化和高中化学“晶体结构与性质”教学方面的研究。其次通过研读相关资料,归纳总结了促进“晶体结构与性质”知识结构化的教学策略。在此基础上,通过对“晶体结构与性质”的教学内容的分析并进行了相关内容教学片断的设计。在实践研究中,首先通过问卷调查的方式对学生对化学知识结构化的认识和“晶体结构与性质”内容的掌握情况等进行了调查分析,然后实施“晶体结构与性质”结构化习题课教学,重点分析教学的实际效果。实践表明,“晶体结构与性质”知识结构化教学可以促进学生头脑中知识网络的建构,对学生学习“晶体结构与性质”内容有很大帮助。
[Abstract]:The content of "crystal structure and property" in chemistry textbook of senior high school is the bridge between micro molecule, atomic structure and macroscopical material. This part of knowledge is helpful for students to establish a systematic and complete view of material structure. The content of "crystal structure and nature" is logical, which requires students to construct the relationship between knowledge, but most students rarely build their own knowledge network. Not good at understanding and sorting out the relevant knowledge from many angles and multiple levels, so there are difficulties in learning this part of the content. Knowledge structuring refers to the relevance of knowledge and the common characteristics of knowledge. Form knowledge into blocks of knowledge. The purpose of knowledge structure is to make students form a good cognitive structure, and to promote knowledge structure is conducive to students' memory, retrieval and extraction of knowledge information. This study is helpful to improve the relationship between knowledge and provide help for students to learn about "crystal structure and properties". This paper summarizes the research on knowledge structure and the teaching of "crystal structure and properties" in senior high school chemistry at home and abroad. The teaching strategies to promote the knowledge structure of crystal structure and properties are summarized. Based on the analysis of the teaching contents of Crystal structure and Properties, this paper designs the teaching fragments of the relevant contents. First of all, through the way of questionnaire survey, the students' understanding of the structure of chemical knowledge and the grasp of the content of "crystal structure and nature" were investigated and analyzed. Then, the teaching of structured exercises "Crystal structure and Nature" is carried out, with emphasis on the actual effect of teaching. The practice shows that. The structured teaching of "crystal structure and nature" can promote the construction of knowledge network in students' minds, and it is of great help for students to learn the content of "crystal structure and nature".
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.8

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