校园欺凌的真相——基于学龄儿童健康行为国际调查报告的分析

发布时间：2018-02-04 21:54

本文关键词： 校园欺凌受欺负比率学龄儿童健康行为　出处：《教育发展研究》2017年20期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：世界卫生组织视校园欺凌为有碍学龄儿童健康的一种风险行为,将其纳入"学龄儿童健康行为"国际合作研究项目。2001-2014年对数十个国家和地区近80万少年学生的问卷调查显示,校园欺凌在全球范围内是一种普遍的现象。但本世纪以来少年学生在校受欺负的比率呈下降趋势,表明各地校园欺凌的严峻形势日趋缓和。校园欺凌存在地域特征和国际差异。就欧洲而言,校园欺凌最严重的地区是东欧,最轻微的地区是南欧和北欧;最严重的国家学生受欺负率是最轻微国家的6倍。校园欺凌集中暴发于少年期并且呈现年龄特征,学生在11-13岁受欺负的比率达到峰值,此后随年龄增长而急剧下降,总体而言多数少年学生从15岁起会逐渐摆脱同伴欺凌的困扰。校园欺凌还存在性别差异,男生受欺负的比率总的来说高于女生,但是这种性别差异随着年龄增长不断缩小,甚至发生逆转。
[Abstract]:The World Health Organization sees bullying in schools as a risk behavior that impairs the health of school-age children. This was included in the International Cooperative Research Project "healthy behaviour of school-age children". A questionnaire survey of nearly 800,000 adolescent students in dozens of countries and regions was conducted between 2001 and 2014. Bullying on campus is a common phenomenon in the world. However, the rate of bullying among young students in school has been decreasing since this century. It shows that the severe situation of campus bullying is becoming more and more relaxed. There are regional characteristics and international differences in campus bullying. In Europe, the most serious area of campus bullying is Eastern Europe, and the least serious area is Southern Europe and Northern Europe. Bullying rates were six times higher in the most severe countries than in the smallest countries. School bullying was concentrated in adolescence and showed an age profile, with the rate of bullying reaching a peak between 11 and 13 years of age. In general, most adolescent students will gradually get rid of peer bullying from the age of 15. There are still gender differences in school bullying, and the rate of boys being bullied is generally higher than that of girls. But the gender gap shrinks and even reverses with age.
【作者单位】：南通大学教育科学学院;华东师范大学教育学部;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金教育学一般课题“儿童欺负判断发展研究”(BEA160074) 2017年度江苏省社会科学基金一般项目“反校园欺凌的教育实验研究”的部分成果
【分类号】：G637.4
【正文快照】： 近年来全国各地一些令人发指的校园欺凌事件接连曝光,给人以校园欺凌现象日益严重的强烈印象。在公众眼里,学校是文明的殿堂,是最阳光、最安全的地方,而不应该发生欺凌行为;因此,欺凌在学校中属于异常现象,是应该坚决予以铲除的毒瘤。可是,这样的印象和看法是否可靠还有待检验

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