高中“算法初步”不同版本教科书的比较研究

发布时间：2018-02-28 00:59

本文关键词： 高中数学算法初步教材比较调查研究教学建议　出处：《赣南师范学院》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：新课程改革后,算法第一次进入高中数学。教材也由原来的一纲一本变成现在的一纲多本。目前在全国普遍被使用的六套高中数学实验教科书在这一部分的呈现方式各有特色。为更全面地了解算法教材的编写和实施情况,本研究从教科书研究的“内在”、“外在”两种范式的两个方面入手。一是研究不同版本教科书本身的特点,二是教材使用者——教师与学生对教材的看法,再结合两个方面的研究结论为教材编写者和教材使用者提供一些建议。为了更清楚地了解算法的教学现状,在江西省某重点中学对部分教师和学生进行了问卷调查和访谈。分别就对算法加入高中数学的态度与看法、对教材整体的满意度、对例题习题的满意度、教学或学习中遇到的困难四个方面进行分析。发现教师、学生对算法加入高中数学持肯定的态度,对北师大版教材的整体架构也比较满意,认为教材在提高学生学习兴趣、促进学生合作交流等方面都做了积极的努力。但是在例题习题的背景素材、难度、容量等方面也有不同的声音。并且教师在教学和学生学习算法这部分内容时都有一定程度的应试思想。学习理解的侧重点都在考试内容上,而不是渗透算法思想,利用算法思想解决问题。这和算法教育的初衷是相背离的。在教材比较上从宏观与微观两个纬度对六套教科书中算法部分进行比较分析。宏观纬度选取了教材整体结构、章节结构和个小节基本结构三个大的指标进行分析,其中教材整体结构选取了章节位置和知识容量两个角度对比,章节结构则选取了章节前言和章节目录两个方面进行分析。微观纬度选取了例题数量、类型与难度和练习数量、类型与难度三个指标进行比较分析。整体而言,六个版本的教材都是经过教育部审查通过的,质量较高的新课程数学教材。教材在这一章对课程标准所涉及的基本知识和基本技能都能够按照由浅入深、螺旋上升的规律全面体现。但也可以发现不同版本的教材还是存在比较大的差异。在研究的基础上觉得教材编写者可以在章节位置做适当调整。把算法放在第一章学完算法再来学统计,更有利于学生在遇到较复杂问题时用算法思想考虑。章头引言可以更加丰富。湘教版巧妙地将本章主要内容写成一首诗的形式,让人回味无穷,值得其它版本借鉴。每节课的导入可以更生动有趣。例题、习题背景素材可以更丰富,难度适当降低。而教师应该在提高专业知识素养,端正教学思想,重视学生能力的培养等方面继续努力。
[Abstract]:After the new curriculum reform, the first algorithm into the high school mathematics textbooks. From an outline of a now become a key links in the country. Currently widely used six sets of mathematics trial textbooks for senior high school students in this part of the presentation of different features. For a more comprehensive understanding of the implementation of teaching material compilation and algorithm this study, from the research on the textbook "inside", "two aspects outside" two paradigms. One is to study the characteristics of the two different versions of the textbooks, teachers and students is the textbook users -- views on teaching materials, combined with the two aspects of the research conclusions provide some suggestions to the teaching materials and textbooks users in order to more clearly understand the current teaching method, in a key middle school in Jiangxi Province on the part of teachers and students conducted a questionnaire survey and interviews respectively. On the high school mathematics attitude and join algorithm On the teaching view, the overall satisfaction, satisfaction of examples and exercises, the four aspects of teaching or learning difficulties encountered in the analysis. We find that teachers, students hold a positive attitude on Algorithm with high school mathematics, the overall architecture of Beijing Normal University Edition is also quite satisfactory, as textbooks to improve student interest in learning to promote. The student exchanges and cooperation have made positive efforts. But the difficulty in the examples and exercises, etc. the capacity of background material, there are different voices. And learning algorithm in this part in the teaching and the students have a certain degree of examination thought. Emphasis in learning to understand the content of the examination, not penetrate algorithm thought, using algorithm to solve the problem. This algorithm and the original intention of education is the phase deviation. In the comparison of textbooks on from macroscopic and microcosmic two dimensions of the six sets of textbooks in the part of the algorithm than Compared with the analysis of the overall structure. The macro latitude selected materials, analyze the basic structure and section structure sections of three major indicators, including the overall structure of the teaching material selection compared two aspects section location and capacity of knowledge, the chapter structure selects two aspects chapter preface and chapter directory analysis. Selected examples of the number of micro latitude the number, type and difficulty and exercises, type and difficulty of three indicators were compared. Overall, six versions of the textbook are reviewed by the Ministry of education by the new curriculum, mathematics textbooks of high quality teaching materials. In this chapter the basic knowledge related to curriculum standard and basic skills are able to follow from the shallower to the deeper the spiral, fully embodies the law. But can also be found in different versions of textbooks are still relatively large differences. On the basis of the research that the textbook in Chapter Joint position to make the appropriate adjustments. The algorithm in the first chapter, learning algorithm then learn statistics, more conducive to students with the algorithm considered in the encounter complex problems. First introduction can be more abundant. Hunan edition skillfully combines the main content of this chapter is written in the form of a poem, and memorable, worthy of other versions reference. Introduction of each class can be more vivid and interesting. Examples, exercises background material can be enriched, the difficulty is reduced appropriately. And teachers should improve the professional knowledge, correct teaching thinking, attach importance to the cultivation of students' ability to continue efforts.

【学位授予单位】：赣南师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.6

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