顾颉刚与中学历史教育

发布时间：2018-03-06 09:07

本文选题：顾颉刚　切入点：中学　出处：《扬州大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：顾颉刚(1893年-1980年)是中国近现代著名历史学家,他以传统学术为基础,吸收新的思想观念作指导,成为中国传统学术向现代过渡过程中的代表人物之一。20世纪20年代,顾颉刚从事疑古辨伪研究的同时密切关注历史教育,编纂了《现代初中教科书本国史》。一方面,在编写教科书的过程中,顾颉刚提出了“层累地造成的中国古史”这一学术观点,推动了学术界的古史研究；另一方面,顾颉刚将自己的研究融入教科书之中,书中渗透着浓厚的疑古思想。顾颉刚的历史教育思想在不同时期表现出不同倾向,其本身经历了一个由探索走向成熟到接受改造的发展过程。20世纪20年代,顾颉刚在实证主义史学思想的指导下,对中学历史教育有一定的思考。30、40年代,随着民族危机的上升,顾颉刚的历史教育思想坚持实证信念的同时,更为强调民族主义的立场。50年代后在唯物史观的洗礼下,顾颉刚的历史教育思想更加关注普通民众的历史。顾颉刚对中学历史教学的探索,主要表现在探索历史教材编写理论、研究教师素质和教学实施策略等方面。教材编纂的实践成就体现在《现代初中教科书本国史》一书中,反映了史家多元的视野,内容注重剪裁,并创新体例,添加注释。针对教师素质,顾颉刚非常重视历史教师的社会责任和史学素养。在具体的教学中,顾颉刚主张教学计划应充分结合学生的心理特点,注意引发学习趣味,向学生提供历史读物,重视课堂之外的实践调查活动。顾颉刚在中学历史教育中倡导运用客观的历史进化论思想来解释历史,对青年学生历史观的转变是一次巨大冲击。同时顾颉刚致力于重新建构民族历史的努力,彰显了理性的民族主义精神。顾颉刚重视史学研究在中学历史教育中的运用,充分反映了学术研究与学科教育的密切关系。他也强调发挥历史教育的致用功能,注重历史与现实、教育与社会的联系。在教学理念的更新上,顾颉刚敏锐地意识到学生心理认知水平对教学实施的重要性,以及注重启发学生历史思考能力的观念,无疑具有前瞻性。顾颉刚对于中学历史教育的现代化,作出了重要贡献,因此值得我们进行研究与探讨。
[Abstract]:Gu Jiegang (1893-1980) is a famous historian in modern China. He took the traditional academic as the foundation, absorbed the new thought idea as the instruction, became one of the representative figures in the process of the transition from the traditional academic to the modern in the 20th century 20s. Gu Jiegang was engaged in the study of suspected antiquities and paid close attention to historical education and compiled the History of the Nation in Modern Junior Middle School textbooks. On the one hand, in the process of compiling textbooks, Gu Jiegang put forward the academic viewpoint of "the ancient history of China caused by the accumulation of layers", which promoted the study of ancient history in academic circles. On the other hand, Gu Jiegang incorporated his research into the textbooks. Gu Jiegang's thought of historical education shows different tendencies in different periods, and it has experienced a development process from exploration to maturity to acceptance of transformation in 20s. Under the guidance of positivist historiography thought, Gu Jiegang had some thoughts on history education in middle school in the 1930s and 1940s. With the rise of the national crisis, Gu Jiegang's historical education thought adhered to the positive belief at the same time. Under the baptism of historical materialism after the 1950s, Gu Jiegang's historical education thought paid more attention to the history of ordinary people. Gu Jiegang's exploration of history teaching in middle schools was mainly manifested in exploring the theory of compiling history textbooks. The practical achievements of textbook compilation are reflected in the book "the History of Modern Junior Middle School textbook", which reflects the diverse vision of historians, pays attention to tailoring, and innovates the style. Adding notes. According to the quality of teachers, Gu Jiegang attaches great importance to the social responsibility and historical literacy of history teachers. In the specific teaching, Gu Jiegang advocates that the teaching plan should fully integrate the students' psychological characteristics and pay attention to arousing the learning interest. Provide students with history books and attach importance to practical investigation activities outside the classroom. Gu Jiegang advocated the use of objective historical evolution thought to explain history in middle school history education. At the same time, Gu Jiegang's efforts to rebuild the history of the nation show the spirit of rational nationalism. Gu Jiegang attaches importance to the application of historical research in middle school history education. It fully reflects the close relationship between academic research and subject education. He also emphasizes on giving full play to the practical function of history education, paying attention to the connection between history and reality, and education and society. Gu Jiegang is acutely aware of the importance of students' psychological cognition to the implementation of teaching and the concept of focusing on inspiring students' ability to think about history, which is undoubtedly forward-looking. Gu Jiegang has made important contributions to the modernization of history education in middle schools. Therefore, it is worth our research and discussion.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.51

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