运用逻辑推理能力有效解决化学平衡计算问题的实证研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 23:25

本文选题：逻辑推理能力　切入点：化学平衡计算题　出处：《华中师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前,在国内化学教育的研究显示,高中化学平衡计算题是高中化学学习的重点和难点之一,学生在化学平衡计算问题的解题中普遍存在着困难。教师如何在学生已有的生活经验和知识基础上,结合化学平衡的特点,分析学生学习困难的原因,寻找合适的教学策略,突破教学中化学平衡计算这一难题成为一个具有重大意义的研究课题。针对上述情况,查阅大量资料并结合实际研究发现,逻辑推理能力在解决化学平衡计算问题中有着显著的作用,本研究将从如何运用逻辑推理能力有效解决化学平衡计算问题入手,旨在改变化学平衡计算问题作为教学难点这一现状。文章分为六个部分：第一部分主要介绍研究的背景、目的、意义、研究思路和方法。并且详细介绍了新课改下关于化学平衡的相关课程标准和高考考纲要求。第二部分介绍了国内外关于逻辑推理水平在化学平衡计算解题中的应用的相关研究。对化学解题、中学阶段学生思维发展等相关理论研究现状进行了描述。第三部分进行了相关概念界定和理论基础描述。第四部分是研究的重点内容,通过对广东省惠州市2015届高三学生化学平衡测试成绩进行分析,发现化学平衡计算题的确是学生们学习的难点,另外对部分学生进行逻辑推理水平测试,结合化学成绩发现逻辑推理水平对化学学习存在较强的正相关。另外再结合学生对近几年广东高考题中化学平衡计算的答题情况分析了化学平衡学习困难的因素。第五部分也是研究的重要内容,这一部分是在第四部分研究结果的基础上提出解决化学平衡计算题的逻辑推理策略。并通过一些优秀同学的解题过程和思路分析了逻辑推理策略(演绎策略、归纳策略、类比策略)的有效性。同时还迁移到如何运用策略解决水溶液中的化学平平衡计算题。第六部分是对论文研究成果进行了总结和反思。
[Abstract]:At present, research on chemistry education in China shows that the chemical balance calculation problem in senior high school is one of the key and difficult points in chemistry study in senior high school. Students generally have difficulties in solving the problem of chemical balance calculation. On the basis of the students' existing life experience and knowledge, combining with the characteristics of chemical balance, this paper analyzes the causes of students' learning difficulties, and finds appropriate teaching strategies. To break through the difficult problem of chemical balance calculation in teaching has become a significant research topic. The ability of logical reasoning plays an important role in solving the problem of chemical equilibrium calculation. This study will begin with how to use logical reasoning ability to solve the problem of chemical equilibrium calculation effectively. The paper is divided into six parts: the first part mainly introduces the background, purpose and significance of the research. The research ideas and methods, and detailed introduction of the new curriculum reform on the chemical balance of the relevant curriculum standards and college entrance examination requirements. The second part introduces the level of logical reasoning at home and abroad in the solution of chemical balance calculation should be. To solve chemical problems, The third part defines the related concepts and the theoretical basis. 4th is the focus of the research. Based on the analysis of the chemical balance test results of the third year students in Huizhou City, Guangdong Province, it is found that the chemical balance calculation problem is indeed a difficult problem for the students to study. In addition, some students are tested on the level of logical reasoning. It is found that there is a strong positive correlation between the level of logical reasoning and chemistry learning. In addition, the factors of difficulty in chemical balance learning are analyzed in combination with the students' response to the chemical balance calculation in the Guangdong college entrance examination in recent years. Part 5th is also an important part of the research. This part is based on the results of 4th part of the study, and puts forward the logical reasoning strategy to solve the problem of chemical balance calculation, and analyzes the logical reasoning strategy (deductive strategy, inductive strategy, deductive strategy, inductive strategy) through the solving process and train of thought of some excellent students. At the same time, how to use the strategy to solve the balance of chemical balance in aqueous solution. Part 6th is a summary and reflection on the research results of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.8

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