初中物理课堂中学生科学态度的培养研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 04:36

本文选题：初中 + 物理课堂　；参考：《延边大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：世界各国都着力关注科学素养的相关研究,在提高学生科学素养的前提下,掀起了第三次课程改革的浪潮。在国际大背景的带动下,我国自2001年新课程改革开始以后,将培养学生的科学素养作为教育的重中之重,其中科学态度的培养就成为了热点话题。态度是人们在自身道德观和价值观基础上对事物的评价和行为倾向,俗话说态度决定一切,所以学生的学习态度对其学习来说至关重要,良好的科学态度对物理等科学内容的学习具有十分重要的意义。根据心理学态度的认知、情感和行为倾向三个要素理论制定了学生和教师问卷《在初中物理课堂中学生科学态度的调查问卷》和《初中物理教师对学生科学态度培养情况的问卷》。再根据物理教学理论和凯尔曼提出了态度形成的三阶段理论,即依从-认同-内化,制定了在初中物理课堂中学生科学态度的培养途径。通过对某地区汉族学校初中生在物理课堂中的科学态度水平的调查,分析学生科学态度存在的问题,再通过对该地区汉族学校初中物理教师在课堂中对学生科学态度的培养情况的调查,分析学生科学态度的成因,制定在初中物理课堂中学生科学态度的培养途径,得出结论：1、改善初中物理教师对学生科学认知的培养。从教学环节入手,包括预习环节,正课教学环节,总结应用环节；从教学内容入手,初中物理课程标准要求的基本内容与学生身边生活、STSE紧密联系,课堂中加强科学探究活动；从教学形式入手,包括分组教学,开放教学或现场教学,个别教学。2、改善初中物理教师对学生科学情感的培养。从教学环节入手,包括课前小演讲环节,正课教学环节；从教学内容入手,初中物理课程标准要求的基本内容与各学科之间相互联系与渗透,初中物理课程标准要求的基本内容与学生身边生活、STSE紧密联系,科学探究内容,有助于改善教师对学生情感的培养；从教学形式入手,包括个别教学,分组教学,开放教学或现场教学。3、改善初中物理教师对学生科学行为倾向的培养。从教学环节入手,包括预习环节,布置课后作业环节；从教学内容入手,初中物理课程标准要求的基本内容与各学科之间相互联系与渗透,与学生身边生活、STSE紧密联系,重视科学探究内容,改善教师对学生行为倾向的培养；从教学形式入手,包括个别教学,开放教学或现场教学。将途径进行了行动实践,学生的科学态度有了显著性的提高,学生科学态度的方面各项指标都有了明显的进步,结论如下：1、该途径经过了实践,初中生的科学态度整体有了显著性提高。在95%的置信区间内,P=0.000.05,在0.05显著性水平上学生的科学态度有了显著性的提高,说明本研究的途径有效。2、初中生科学态度的认知、情感、行为倾向三个方面都有了显著性提高,该途径的三个方面均有效。3、不同性别的初中生的科学态度有了显著性的提高,该途径对不同性别的初中生群体有效。同时针对反思问题对教师、学校、社会各界提出了相关的建议。综上所述,本研究通过准确科学的研究方法和认真负责的行动过程,确定了可行有效的在初中物理课堂中学生科学态度的培养途径,丰富了科学态度培养的理论体系,更为实践教学提供了真实方案。
[Abstract]:All the countries of the world pay attention to the relevant research on scientific literacy. Under the premise of improving students' scientific literacy, the third wave of curriculum reform has been set off. Under the impetus of the international background, since the beginning of the new curriculum reform in 2001, the cultivation of students' scientific literacy is the most important part of education, among which scientific attitude is cultivated. Attitude is a hot topic. Attitude is the evaluation and behavior tendency of people on the basis of their own moral values and values. The common saying says that attitude determines everything, so the students' learning attitude is very important to their study. A good scientific attitude is of great significance to the study of physics and other scientific contents. The three theory of cognition, emotion and behavior tendencies formulated the questionnaire of students and teachers' questionnaire < in the middle school physics classroom > the questionnaire > and the questionnaire of the middle school physics teacher's attitude to the students' scientific attitude. Then, according to the theory of physics teaching and Kell man, the three stage theory, namely, compliance and identity, is put forward. Through the investigation of the scientific attitude level of the junior middle school students in the physics class, this paper analyzes the problems of the students' scientific attitude, and then through the cultivation of the students' scientific attitude to the students in the Middle School of the Han school in the area. To analyze the causes of students' scientific attitude, and to formulate the ways to cultivate students' scientific attitude in junior high school physics class, and draw conclusions: 1, improve the training of students' scientific cognition in junior middle school physics. The basic contents of the curriculum standards are closely related to the life around students, STSE is closely linked, and the scientific inquiry activities are strengthened in the classroom. Starting with the teaching form, including the group teaching, the open teaching or the field teaching, the individual teaching.2, improving the junior middle school physics teachers to cultivate the students' scientific emotion, and starting with the teaching link, including the small lecture before the class, From the teaching content, starting with the teaching content, the basic content of the junior middle school physics curriculum standard requirements and the interrelated and infiltration between the various subjects, the basic content of the standard of junior high school physics curriculum standards and the life around the students, STSE closely related, scientific inquiry content, help to improve the teachers' Cultivation of students' emotion; from the form of teaching. Hand, including individual teaching, group teaching, open teaching or field teaching.3, improve the training of students' scientific behavior tendency in junior middle school physics. Starting with the teaching link, including preview links, arranging homework links; starting with the teaching content, the basic content of the standard requirements of junior high school physics curriculum and the interrelated and infiltration of various subjects. It is closely related to the life around the students, STSE is closely linked, the content of scientific inquiry is paid attention to, and the teacher's cultivation of students' behavior tendency is improved. From the teaching form, including individual teaching, open teaching or field teaching, the way of action is carried out, the students' scientific attitude has been significantly improved and the students' scientific attitude has all the indicators. There are obvious progress, the conclusions are as follows: 1, after the practice, the scientific attitude of junior high school students has been significantly improved. In the 95% confidence interval, P=0.000.05, at the 0.05 significant level, the students' scientific attitude has been significantly improved, indicating that the approach of this study is effective.2, junior high school students' scientific attitude cognition, emotion, The three aspects of behavioral tendencies have been improved significantly. The three aspects of this approach are all effective.3. The scientific attitude of junior high school students of different sexes has been significantly improved. This approach is effective for different sex junior high school students. At the same time, some relevant suggestions are put forward to teachers, schools and all walks of life for reflection. Through the accurate scientific research method and the conscientious and responsible action process, we have determined the feasible and effective ways to cultivate students' scientific attitude in junior high school physics class, enrich the theoretical system of scientific attitude cultivation, and provide a real scheme for practical teaching.

【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.7

【参考文献】