高中生物学科实践活动的效能评价与创新能力培养

发布时间：2018-05-20 16:19

本文选题：实践活动 + 中学生物　；参考：《辽宁师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在剧烈的国际竞争形势下,随着科学技术的飞速进步,各个国家新世纪关注的焦点逐渐转为培养和塑造高素质的创新型人才。各国在其他的竞争对手之中能否崭露头角,展示出自身的实力,往往取决于国家创新人才的数量和质量,因此,培养创新型人才具有及其重要的意义。生物学是一门具有很强实践性的学科,同样生物科学的迅猛发展也需要大量的创新型人才。高中阶段是知识创新和传播的重要时期,通过学校教育与社会实践的结合,培养学生创新意识和创新能力是至关重要的。我国政府高度重视对创新人才的培养,尤其是近十年来,出台了一系列的文件进行教育改革,如在十二五期间我国教育部提出《国家中长期人才发展规划纲要(2010-2020)》。纲要强调,相关部门应树立以提高质量为核心的发展观,注重内涵发展,鼓励学校办出特色,办出水平。为培养和造就大批优秀人才,全国各地纷纷响应,各个学校都开展了丰富多彩的实践活动,鼓励学生,支持学生多参加实践活动。但是评价生物学实践对创新能力影响的有效性的研究并不多。本论文首先介绍了关于效能评价的国内外进展,之后运用文献法界定了高中生物学科实践活动与高中生生物创新能力的概念,其次使用问卷调查法和访谈法梳理了高中生物学科实践活动与高中生生物创新能力培养的关系,初步建立了实践活动对创新能力培养的影响的效能评价体系,调查了大连市多个学校的实践活动进展状况,并进行了评价,并分析了目前大连市各个学校所开展的高中生生物学科实践活动在培养高中生生物创新能力过程中的优点及存在的不足。研究发现:(1)仅从规模性实践活动来看,参与实践的学生创新思维和能力都有很大提高,且学生的交流能力、逻辑思维能力也得到了很好的锻炼。(2)从中学生课堂实践活动来看,以实践方式学习的学生收集信息的能力、归纳总结的能力有大幅度提高。(3)在课堂中,以传统书面形式学习的学生,基础知识掌握的比较扎实,如果稍加锻炼其他能力会得到大幅度的提升。(4)本研究初步建立的高中生物学科实践活动的效能评价体系,能够在一定程度上反映学生的学业进步情况,对于促进提高学生创新能力有很大作用。最后我们根据现实情况,针对现存问题对如何提高高中生生物创新能力进行了深层次思考,并提出了一些有效的对策和建议:(1)积极营造高中生生物创新能力培养的氛围;(2)在生物学课堂教学中注重培养高中生的创新思维;(3)注重在校外的规模性实践活动中培养高中生的创新能力;(4)加强和重视不同生物实践活动的有效性研究;(5)注重创新思维和能力培养的可持续性研究。该研究对提升实践活动对创新能力培养的影响,具有一定的理论与现实意义。
[Abstract]:In the fierce international competition situation, with the rapid progress of science and technology, the focus of each country in the new century gradually turned to cultivate and shape high-quality innovative talents. Whether each country can emerge and show its own strength among other competitors often depends on the quantity and quality of national innovative talents. Therefore, it is of great significance to cultivate innovative talents. Biology is a discipline with strong practicality, and the rapid development of biological science also needs a large number of innovative talents. The senior middle school stage is an important period of knowledge innovation and dissemination. Through the combination of school education and social practice, it is very important to cultivate students' innovation consciousness and ability. Our government attaches great importance to the cultivation of innovative talents, especially in the past ten years, has issued a series of documents to carry out educational reform, such as the "outline of the National Medium- and Long-Term Talent Development Program" proposed by the Ministry of Education during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period (2010-2020). The outline emphasizes that the relevant departments should set up the concept of development with improving quality as the core, pay attention to the development of connotation, and encourage schools to set up their own characteristics and level. In order to cultivate and bring up a large number of outstanding talents, all over the country have responded, each school has carried out rich and colorful practical activities to encourage students, support students to participate in more practical activities. However, there are few studies to evaluate the effectiveness of biological practice on innovation ability. This paper first introduces the domestic and foreign progress on effectiveness evaluation, then defines the concepts of high school biology practice activity and high school students' biological innovation ability by using the literature method. Secondly, the paper combs the relationship between high school biology practice and high school students' biological innovation ability by questionnaire and interview, and establishes the effectiveness evaluation system of the influence of practice activities on innovation ability cultivation. The progress of practice activities in several schools in Dalian is investigated and evaluated. This paper also analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the current practice activities of senior high school students in the process of cultivating high school students' biological innovation ability. The study found that only from the perspective of large-scale practical activities, students participating in practice have greatly improved their creative thinking and ability, and students' communication ability and logical thinking ability have also been well exercised.) from the perspective of classroom practice activities of middle school students, The ability of students studying in practice to collect information, and the ability to sum up and sum up have greatly improved. In the classroom, students who study in traditional written form have a relatively solid grasp of basic knowledge. If we exercise other abilities slightly, we will greatly improve our ability. (4) the effectiveness evaluation system of the practical activities of senior high school biology, which is initially established in this study, can reflect the students' academic progress to a certain extent. To promote the improvement of students' innovative ability has a great role. Finally, according to the actual situation, we think deeply about how to improve the biological innovation ability of high school students in view of the existing problems. And put forward some effective countermeasures and suggestions: 1) actively create the atmosphere of high school students' biological innovation ability cultivation. 2) pay attention to cultivating high school students' creative thinking in biology classroom teaching. 3) pay attention to scale practical activities outside school. Fourth) strengthen and attach importance to the effectiveness of different biological practice activities. 5) pay attention to the sustainable research of innovative thinking and ability cultivation. This research has certain theoretical and practical significance to improve the influence of practical activities on the cultivation of innovation ability.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.91

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