2012-2014年全国新课标卷理综生物试题“能力立意”分析

发布时间：2018-06-05 09:33

本文选题：全国新课标卷 + 生物高考　；参考：《华中师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近半个世纪,世界各国的较量越演越烈,国与国之间的较量关键在于人才。因此培养具备创新精神的创新人才显得十分重要。随着新课改的推进,高考命题思想由“知识立意”转向“能力立意”,对人才培养提出了新的要求,不仅重视基础知识、基本技能的掌握,同时也注重对综合实践能力、创新能力及科学素养的培养。本文将教育目标分类理论、多元智能理论、教育测量理论作为理论基础,选取2012年—2014年高考全国新课标卷中的理综生物试题作为样题,将“能力立意”分析作为切入点,使用文献阅读法、文本研究法、统计分析法,归纳总结出全国新课标卷的知识与能力的考查特点,一方面检测其命题思想与新课标的符合程度,希望继续发扬命题思路中的优点及改进目前存在的不足；一方面发挥高考导向作用,为中学生物教学在新背景下的教学提供建议,以培养具有新时代要求的人才。结论与启示：通过分析,得出高考命题的趋势为注重主干知识；凸显“能力立意”；能力考查非单一化。总体来说,基本体现新课程理念,逐步体现“能力立意”,较好实现高考选拔及导向功能。并基于此结论提出中学生物教学过程中应该注重主干知识及基本技能,重视开发学生想象力,提高创新能力及加强学科间知识的融合,培养综合实践能力。此外,还对高考试题编制提出了几点建议：第一：适当加大探究性试题答案的灵活度；第二：逐渐加强学科交叉知识的考查；第三：问题与题干在内容和命题意图上应该保持一致；第四：多加考虑选考题难度的一致性。
[Abstract]:In the past half century, the contest between countries has become more and more intense, and the key lies in talents. Therefore, it is very important to cultivate innovative talents with innovative spirit. With the development of the new curriculum reform, the proposition thought of college entrance examination has changed from "knowledge intention" to "ability idea", which puts forward new requirements for talent training. It not only attaches importance to the mastery of basic knowledge and basic skills, but also pays attention to comprehensive practical ability. The cultivation of innovation ability and scientific literacy. In this paper, the classification theory of educational objectives, the theory of multiple intelligences and the theory of educational measurement are taken as the theoretical basis, and the comprehensive biology questions in the new course scale of the National College entrance examination from 2012 to 2014 are selected as the sample questions, and the analysis of "ability intention" is taken as the starting point. With the methods of literature reading, text research and statistical analysis, this paper sums up the characteristics of the examination of the knowledge and ability of the new curriculum paper in China. On the one hand, it detects the degree of conformance between the proposition thought and the new curriculum standard. The author hopes to carry forward the advantages of propositional thinking and improve the present shortcomings; on the one hand, give full play to the guiding role of the college entrance examination, and provide suggestions for the teaching of biology teaching in middle schools under the new background, in order to cultivate talents with the requirements of the new era. Conclusion and enlightenment: through the analysis, the tendency of the proposition of college entrance examination is to pay attention to the main knowledge, to highlight the "ability idea", and to make the examination of ability not single. On the whole, it embodies the concept of the new curriculum and gradually embodies the ability to choose and guide the college entrance examination. Based on this conclusion, we should pay attention to the main knowledge and basic skills, develop the students' imagination, improve the creative ability and strengthen the integration of knowledge among subjects, and cultivate the comprehensive practical ability in the process of biology teaching in middle school. In addition, some suggestions are put forward for the compilation of college entrance examination questions: first, to increase the flexibility of inquiring test answers; second, to gradually strengthen the examination of interdisciplinary knowledge; Third, the problem should be consistent with the content and the intention of the proposition; fourth: consider the consistency of the difficulty of selecting the examination questions.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.91

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