人教版《高中地理》（必修二）教材分析及教学建议

发布时间：2018-06-08 22:04

本文选题：地理教材 + 教材分析　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：地理教材是一种信息材料。它主要用于帮助学生在教师的指导下达到学习目标。可以说地理教材既是教师的教学参考资料,也是学生的学习资料。地理教材作为教师教与学生学的中介,它起着信息传递、交流与沟通的作用。地理教材在教学过程中的重要性可见一斑。现代地理课程理念强调,地理教学不仅要使学生掌握必要的知识、技能,更应该使学生养成乐于探索、思考的好习惯,培养其地理学习能力、探索能力以及地理科学素养和人文精神。因此,地理教学不再是以往的教教材,而应该是把教材当作教学的案例和材料。教师可以根据自身特点和学生的学情对教材内容进行取舍与加工。只有这样,教师和学生作为交互主体的地位才能得以保证。教和学二者才能有机的结合。因此,进行教材分析是教师设计教学过程的必要条件。地理教材的处理与分析是上一堂好课的基础与前提。教材分析是地理教育研究的一大热门的论题,研究成果颇多。但是关于地理二教材的整体分析较少。加上笔者实习期间所授正是地理二。因此本文选取了地理二教材的分析作为论文题目。本文的题目是人教版《高中地理》必修二的教材分析与教学研究。主要研究目的有二个方面。一是通过对人教版必修二教材的整体分析,详细的把握必修二教材的内容。加深对必修二教材的认识,为以后的备课和教材分析提供参考,提高教材分析和备课的效率。其二是通过对必修二教材的使用情况进行调查,发现了其教与学过程中存在的一些问题,并且针对这些情况,提出了一些改进的建议。为以后更好的实现必修二的教材分析与教学提供便利。本文主要解决两个问题,一是以人教版为例对地理必修二进行教材的全面分析,二是根据通过对必修二的教学情况进行调查发现问题并提出建议。第一个问题笔者在广泛参阅前人研究的基础之上,确定从宏观和微观两个方面对人教版高中地理必修二的进行详细的分析。宏观上分析了教材的时代背景,与相关学科的关系以及与现实生活的关系。微观上对教材每一单元的知识结构、表述结构、教育结构进行了分析。第二个问题笔者则采用问卷和访谈进行调查研究,调查了必修二教材的教学情况。教材是供教师和学生共同使用的一种信息媒体。因此笔者采用对学生的问卷,调查了学生必修二的学习情况；对教师进行访谈调查了教师对必修二的教学情况。最后结合教材分析的结果以及调查研究发现的问题,提出了对教师的教学建议和给学生的学习建议。另外教材分析最终还是要落实到教学,教学设计是教学过程的模型。因此本文还选取了《农业的区位选择》这一节进行了教学设计。通过问卷调查发现学生的学习存在以下一些问题：部分学生学习的兴趣不高；学习的外部动机强于内部动机；对教材各组成部分的喜爱程度不一,案例、阅读、图像吸引了大部分同学的注意；学生基本能够认识到必修二的重要作用,但教师仍然需要将生活中的地理与教学结合起来,激发学生的学习兴趣；部分学生的学习习惯和策略不当,导致必修二的学习效果不佳。通过访谈调查发现,教师对教材的使用存在以下一些情况：就教材的选择与分析而言,部分教师没有足够的重视将不同的教材对比分析,择优选择,综合运用；就教材分析的方法而言,大部分教师在课前从微观的方面对教材进行分析以此来设计教学,忽视了教材的整体分析；就教学的过程而言,存在教法的单一、与生活联系不紧密、忽视了信息技术在教学中的使用等问题。因此面对这些问题笔者认为应该从以下几方面进行改进：(1)就教师而言,教师要改革教学思想,变革教学方法手段,联系生活实际,有效进行教学。(2)就学生而言,学生应该改变学习方式,善于运用学习策略,进行适时的复习,学会运用综合、比较、分析等方法进行归纳总结,提高学习的效果。
[Abstract]:Geography teaching material is a kind of information material. It is mainly used to help students to achieve learning goals under the guidance of teachers. It can be said that geography textbooks are both teachers' teaching reference materials and students' learning materials. As the intermediary of teachers' teaching and student learning, geography textbooks play the role of transmission, communication and communication. The modern geography curriculum concept emphasizes that geography teaching should not only make the students master the necessary knowledge and skills, but also make the students develop the good habit of exploring and thinking, the ability to learn geography, the ability to explore, the quality of geography and the spirit of humanism. Therefore, geography teaching is no longer the past. Teaching materials should be used as a case and material for teaching. Teachers can choose and process the contents of the teaching materials according to their own characteristics and students' learning situation. Only in this way, teachers and students can be guaranteed the status of the interactive subject. The teaching and learning of the two can be organically combined. Therefore, the analysis of teaching materials is a teacher's establishment. Considering the necessary conditions of teaching process. The processing and analysis of geography teaching materials is the basis and premise of a good lesson. The analysis of teaching materials is a hot topic in the study of geography education. There are a lot of research results. However, the overall analysis of geography two teaching materials is less. And the author has given geography two. The analysis of the two textbook is the topic of the paper. The title of this article is the analysis and teaching research of the teaching material of "high school geography > two". The main purpose of the study is two aspects. One is to grasp the content of the required two textbooks through the overall analysis of the required two textbooks for the human teaching edition, deepen the understanding of the required two textbooks and prepare the lessons for the future. To provide reference for the analysis of teaching materials and improve the efficiency of teaching materials analysis and lesson preparation. Secondly, through the investigation of the use of required two textbooks, some problems existing in the course of teaching and learning are found, and some suggestions for improving the teaching and learning process are put forward. For the future, the analysis and teaching of the required two teaching materials will be provided more well. This article mainly solves two problems, one is the comprehensive analysis of the two geography compulsory teaching materials, and the two is to find out the problems and make suggestions based on the investigation of the compulsory two teaching situation. The first question, on the basis of the extensive reference to the previous research, is to determine the two aspects of the macro and microcosmic aspects. The teaching edition of high school geography required two of the detailed analysis. Macro analysis of the background of the times, the relationship with related disciplines and the relationship with the real life. Microcosmic on the knowledge structure, the structure of each unit of the textbook, the structure of the education, and the second questions are investigated by questionnaire and interview, The teaching situation of the required two materials is investigated. The teaching material is a kind of information media for teachers and students to use together. Therefore, the author uses a questionnaire on students to investigate the students' compulsory two learning situation, and interviews the teachers to the required two teaching conditions. Finally, the results of the analysis of the teaching materials and the investigation and research are made. In addition, the teaching design is the model of the teaching process. Therefore, this article also selects the section of the "agricultural location selection" for teaching design. Through the questionnaire survey, the students' learning has some questions below. Questions: some students are not interested in learning; the external motivation of the study is stronger than the internal motivation; the degree of affection to the components of the textbook is different, the case, the reading, and the image attract the attention of the majority of the students; the students are basically able to recognize the important role of the required two, but the teachers still need to combine the geography of life with teaching. In order to arouse the students' interest in learning, some students' learning habits and strategies are unsuitable, which result in the poor effect of two of the required learning. Through interview investigation, it is found that the teachers' use of textbooks has the following conditions: in terms of the selection and analysis of the textbooks, some teachers have not enough attention to compare and analyze the different textbooks and choose the best choice. In terms of the method of teaching material analysis, most teachers analyze the teaching materials from the microcosmic aspects before class to design the teaching and ignore the overall analysis of the teaching materials; in the course of teaching, there is a single teaching method, not close contact with life, so that the use of information technology in the teaching is ignored. In the face of these problems, I think the following aspects should be improved: (1) as far as teachers are concerned, teachers should reform their teaching ideas, change teaching methods and means, contact the actual life, and effectively carry out teaching. (2) as far as students are concerned, students should change their way of learning, be good at using learning strategies, review timely, and learn to use comprehensive, and learn to use synthesis. Analysis and other methods are summarized to improve the learning effect.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.55

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