“化学平衡原理”意义建构教学研究

发布时间：2018-06-10 16:22

本文选题：化学平衡原理 + 意义建构　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：化学平衡原理是高中化学基本概念和基本理论的重要构成部分,是高中生化学学习的重点和难点,高中学生普遍认为该知识难于理解。因此研究化学平衡原理教学对提高高中化学教学效率,突破高中化学教学难点具有重要的实际意义。本文综述了“化学平衡”知识内容的研究和已有的教学设计,以意义建构教学设计为理论基础,对化学平衡原理的相关知识进行了全面的教与学的分析,并在此基础上进行了基于意义建构的“化学平衡原理”教学设计。以常德市第六中学高二两个同质理科班的学生为被试对象,进行了化学平衡原理教学的实践研究。教学实践研究结果表明,化学平衡意义建构教学能够有效地提高学生的学习成绩,并且发现了一些教学的原理。(1)基于意义建构的教学有助于促进化学基础理论的学习。(2)从浓度的变化和速率的变化角度理解化学平衡状态,更有利于学生对概念的理解。(3)从运动学的角度理解化学平衡的移动,有利于学生对概念的理解。(4)从定量的角度理解化学平衡常数,有利于促进学生概念的理解。(5)意义建构教学设计化学平衡原理教学,能让学生化学思维能力的发展层次符合学生认知发展的水平,也符合教学的内容和学习的进展。这些结论可以很好的指导化学平衡原理教学,有很好的实用性。本文在研究结果的基础上提出了“化学平衡原理”的教学建议:1)通过分析可逆反应中物质浓度的变化和速率的变化来分析可逆反应的限度问题,来学习化学平衡状态的定义和特征。2)充分利用实验事实和数据,建立宏观—微观—符号三者之间的联系,对化学平衡状态的移动和勒夏特列原理的学习有利。3)从定量的角度学习化学平衡常数,更有利于对化学平衡常数意义的理解。
[Abstract]:The principle of chemical balance is an important part of the basic concept and theory of chemistry in senior high school, and it is the key and difficult point of chemistry study for senior high school students, which is generally considered to be difficult to understand by senior high school students. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the principle of chemical balance to improve the efficiency of chemistry teaching in senior high school and to break through the difficulties of chemistry teaching in senior high school. This paper summarizes the research on the knowledge of "chemical balance" and the existing teaching design. Based on the theory of meaning construction teaching design, this paper makes a comprehensive teaching and learning analysis of the relevant knowledge of chemical balance principle. On this basis, the teaching design of chemical equilibrium principle based on meaning construction is carried out. Taking the students of two homogenous science classes in the second year of the sixth Middle School of Changde City as the subjects, a practical study on the principle of chemical balance teaching was carried out. The results of teaching practice show that the teaching of chemical balance meaning construction can effectively improve the students' academic achievement. Some teaching principles are also found. (1) the teaching based on meaning construction is helpful to promote the study of basic theory of chemistry. 2) to understand the state of chemical equilibrium from the angle of the change of concentration and the change of rate. It is more favorable for students to understand the movement of chemical equilibrium from the angle of kinematics, and to understand the chemical equilibrium constant from the quantitative point of view. It is helpful to promote the understanding of students' concept. It is helpful to construct the teaching design chemistry balance principle teaching. It can make the development of students' chemistry thinking ability accord with the level of students' cognitive development, also accord with the content of teaching and the progress of study. These conclusions can guide the teaching of chemical balance principle, and have good practicability. On the basis of the research results, this paper puts forward the teaching suggestion of "chemical equilibrium principle": to analyze the limit of reversible reaction by analyzing the change of concentration of substance and the change of rate in reversible reaction. To learn the definition and characteristics of chemical equilibrium state. 2) to make full use of experimental facts and data to establish the relationship between macro-micro-symbol The study of the shift of chemical equilibrium state and the study of Lechatrix principle is beneficial to the study of chemical equilibrium constant from a quantitative point of view, which is beneficial to the understanding of the meaning of chemical equilibrium constant.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.8

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